| Title |
Analysis of the flame retardant metabolites bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP) and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in urine using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, August 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-011-5294-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
E. M. Cooper, A. Covaci, A. L. N. van Nuijs, T. F. Webster, H. M. Stapleton |
| Abstract |
Organophosphate triesters tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate are widely used flame retardants (FRs) present in many products common to human environments, yet understanding of human exposure and health effects of these compounds is limited. Monitoring urinary metabolites as biomarkers of exposure can be a valuable aid for improving this understanding; however, no previously published method exists for the analysis of the primary TDCPP metabolite, bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP), in human urine. Here, we present a method to extract the metabolites BDCPP and diphenyl phosphate (DPP) in human urine using mixed-mode anion exchange solid phase extraction and mass-labeled internal standards with analysis by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The method detection limit was 8 pg mL(-1) urine for BDCPP and 204 pg mL(-1) for DPP. Recoveries of analytes spiked into urine ranged from 82 ± 10% to 91 ± 4% for BDCPP and from 72 ± 12% to 76 ± 8% for DPP. Analysis of a small number of urine samples (n=9) randomly collected from non-occupationally exposed adults revealed the presence of both BDCPP and DPP in all samples. Non-normalized urinary concentrations ranged from 46-1,662 pg BDCPP mL(-1) to 287-7,443 pg DPP mL(-1), with geometric means of 147 pg BDCPP mL(-1) and 1,074 pg DPP mL(-1). Levels of DPP were higher than those of BDCPP in 89% of samples. The presented method is simple and sufficiently sensitive to detect these FR metabolites in humans and may be applied to future studies to increase our understanding of exposure to and potential health effects from FRs. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 89 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 4 | 4% |
| Unknown | 85 | 96% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 28 | 31% |
| Researcher | 11 | 12% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 7 | 8% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 14 | 16% |
| Unknown | 15 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 21 | 24% |
| Environmental Science | 17 | 19% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 12% |
| Social Sciences | 4 | 4% |
| Engineering | 3 | 3% |
| Other | 9 | 10% |
| Unknown | 24 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 27 June 2014.
All research outputs
#8,556,131
of 25,424,630 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#2,218
of 9,638 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#47,097
of 131,835 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#27
of 76 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,424,630 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 43rd percentile – i.e., 43% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
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