Title |
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii, the Etiologic Agents of Cryptococcosis
|
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Published in |
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine, July 2014
|
DOI | 10.1101/cshperspect.a019760 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Kyung J. Kwon-Chung, James A. Fraser, Tamara L. Doering, Zhuo A. Wang, Guilhem Janbon, Alexander Idnurm, Yong-Sun Bahn |
Abstract |
Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii are the two etiologic agents of cryptococcosis. They belong to the phylum Basidiomycota and can be readily distinguished from other pathogenic yeasts such as Candida by the presence of a polysaccharide capsule, formation of melanin, and urease activity, which all function as virulence determinants. Infection proceeds via inhalation and subsequent dissemination to the central nervous system to cause meningoencephalitis. The most common risk for cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans is AIDS, whereas infections caused by C. gattii are more often reported in immunocompetent patients with undefined risk than in the immunocompromised. There have been many chapters, reviews, and books written on C. neoformans. The topics we focus on in this article include species description, pathogenesis, life cycle, capsule, and stress response, which serve to highlight the specializations in virulence that have occurred in this unique encapsulated melanin-forming yeast that causes global deaths estimated at more than 600,000 annually. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Colombia | 1 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 500 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 86 | 17% |
Student > Master | 68 | 14% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 51 | 10% |
Researcher | 49 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 26 | 5% |
Other | 60 | 12% |
Unknown | 163 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 83 | 17% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 69 | 14% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 65 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 54 | 11% |
Chemistry | 11 | 2% |
Other | 38 | 8% |
Unknown | 183 | 36% |