Title |
Virus-helminth coinfection reveals a microbiota-independent mechanism of immunomodulation
|
---|---|
Published in |
Science, July 2014
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.1256942 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Lisa C Osborne, Laurel A Monticelli, Timothy J Nice, Tara E Sutherland, Mark C Siracusa, Matthew R Hepworth, Vesselin T Tomov, Dmytro Kobuley, Sara V Tran, Kyle Bittinger, Aubrey G Bailey, Alice L Laughlin, Jean-Luc Boucher, E John Wherry, Frederic D Bushman, Judith E Allen, Herbert W Virgin, David Artis |
Abstract |
The mammalian intestine is colonized by beneficial commensal bacteria and is a site of infection by pathogens, including helminth parasites. Helminths induce potent immunomodulatory effects, but whether these effects are mediated by direct regulation of host immunity or indirectly through eliciting changes in the microbiota is unknown. We tested this in the context of virus-helminth coinfection. Helminth coinfection resulted in impaired antiviral immunity and was associated with changes in the microbiota and STAT6-dependent helminth-induced alternative activation of macrophages. Notably, helminth-induced impairment of antiviral immunity was evident in germ-free mice, but neutralization of Ym1, a chitinase-like molecule that is associated with alternatively activated macrophages, could partially restore antiviral immunity. These data indicate that helminth-induced immunomodulation occurs independently of changes in the microbiota but is dependent on Ym1. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 16 | 30% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 8% |
Finland | 2 | 4% |
Australia | 2 | 4% |
Spain | 1 | 2% |
Switzerland | 1 | 2% |
Singapore | 1 | 2% |
Turkey | 1 | 2% |
Ecuador | 1 | 2% |
Other | 6 | 11% |
Unknown | 18 | 34% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 34 | 64% |
Scientists | 15 | 28% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 4 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 7 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 4 | 1% |
Korea, Republic of | 2 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Finland | 1 | <1% |
Denmark | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Thailand | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 342 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 101 | 28% |
Researcher | 83 | 23% |
Student > Master | 28 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 25 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 24 | 7% |
Other | 63 | 17% |
Unknown | 37 | 10% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 119 | 33% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 89 | 25% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 42 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 32 | 9% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 8 | 2% |
Other | 28 | 8% |
Unknown | 43 | 12% |