Title |
A chromosome-based draft sequence of the hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome
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Published in |
Science, July 2014
|
DOI | 10.1126/science.1251788 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
The International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Jane Rogers, Jaroslav Doležel, Curtis Pozniak, Kellye Eversole, Catherine Feuillet, Bikram Gill, Bernd Friebe, Adam J. Lukaszewski, Pierre Sourdille, Takashi R. Endo, Marie Kubaláková, Jarmila Číhalíková, Zdeňka Dubská, Jan Vrána, Romana Šperková, Hana Šimková, Melanie Febrer, Leah Clissold, Kirsten McLay, Kuldeep Singh, Parveen Chhuneja, Nagendra K. Singh, Jitendra Khurana, Eduard Akhunov, Frédéric Choulet, Adriana Alberti, Valérie Barbe, Patrick Wincker, Hiroyuki Kanamori, Fuminori Kobayashi, Takeshi Itoh, Takashi Matsumoto, Hiroaki Sakai, Tsuyoshi Tanaka, Jianzhong Wu, Yasunari Ogihara, Hirokazu Handa, P. Ron Maclachlan, Andrew Sharpe, Darrin Klassen, David Edwards, Jacqueline Batley, Odd-Arne Olsen, Simen Rød Sandve, Sigbjørn Lien, Burkhard Steuernagel, Brande Wulff, Mario Caccamo, Sarah Ayling, Ricardo H. Ramirez-Gonzalez, Bernardo J. Clavijo, Jonathan Wright, Matthias Pfeifer, Manuel Spannagl, Mihaela M. Martis, Martin Mascher, Jarrod Chapman, Jesse A. Poland, Uwe Scholz, Kerrie Barry, Robbie Waugh, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Gary J. Muehlbauer, Nils Stein, Heidrun Gundlach, Matthias Zytnicki, Véronique Jamilloux, Hadi Quesneville, Thomas Wicker, Primetta Faccioli, Moreno Colaiacovo, Antonio Michele Stanca, Hikmet Budak, Luigi Cattivelli, Natasha Glover, Lise Pingault, Etienne Paux, Sapna Sharma, Rudi Appels, Matthew Bellgard, Brett Chapman, Thomas Nussbaumer, Kai Christian Bader, Hélène Rimbert, Shichen Wang, Ron Knox, Andrzej Kilian, Michael Alaux, Françoise Alfama, Loïc Couderc, Nicolas Guilhot, Claire Viseux, Mikaël Loaec, Beat Keller, Sebastien Praud |
Abstract |
An ordered draft sequence of the 17-gigabase hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genome has been produced by sequencing isolated chromosome arms. We have annotated 124,201 gene loci distributed nearly evenly across the homeologous chromosomes and subgenomes. Comparative gene analysis of wheat subgenomes and extant diploid and tetraploid wheat relatives showed that high sequence similarity and structural conservation are retained, with limited gene loss, after polyploidization. However, across the genomes there was evidence of dynamic gene gain, loss, and duplication since the divergence of the wheat lineages. A high degree of transcriptional autonomy and no global dominance was found for the subgenomes. These insights into the genome biology of a polyploid crop provide a springboard for faster gene isolation, rapid genetic marker development, and precise breeding to meet the needs of increasing food demand worldwide. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 11 | 15% |
United Kingdom | 8 | 11% |
Spain | 4 | 6% |
Italy | 3 | 4% |
Japan | 3 | 4% |
France | 3 | 4% |
India | 3 | 4% |
Australia | 2 | 3% |
Canada | 2 | 3% |
Other | 5 | 7% |
Unknown | 28 | 39% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 50 | 69% |
Scientists | 20 | 28% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 2 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 10 | <1% |
United States | 9 | <1% |
Germany | 6 | <1% |
Brazil | 6 | <1% |
France | 3 | <1% |
Netherlands | 3 | <1% |
Canada | 3 | <1% |
India | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Other | 10 | <1% |
Unknown | 951 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 243 | 24% |
Researcher | 207 | 21% |
Student > Master | 94 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 71 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 51 | 5% |
Other | 167 | 17% |
Unknown | 171 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 595 | 59% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 134 | 13% |
Computer Science | 20 | 2% |
Engineering | 13 | 1% |
Chemistry | 9 | <1% |
Other | 44 | 4% |
Unknown | 189 | 19% |