| Title |
Heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water distribution system: a review
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, November 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10661-011-2407-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Shakhawat Chowdhury |
| Abstract |
The microbiological quality of drinking water in municipal water distribution systems (WDS) depends on several factors. Free residual chlorine and/or chloramines are typically used to minimize bacterial recontamination and/or regrowth in WDS. Despite such preventive measures, regrowth of heterotrophic (HPC) and opportunistic bacteria in bulk water and biofilms has yet to be controlled completely. No approach has shown complete success in eliminating biofilms or HPC bacteria from bulk water and pipe surfaces. Biofilms can provide shelter for pathogenic bacteria and protect these bacteria from disinfectants. Some HPC bacteria may be associated with aesthetic and non-life threatening diseases. Research to date has achieved important success in understanding occurrence and regrowth of bacteria in bulk water and biofilms in WDS. To achieve comprehensive understanding and to provide efficient control against bacteria regrowth, future research on bacteria regrowth dynamics and their implications is warranted. In this study, a review was performed on the literature published in this area. The findings and limitations of these papers are summarized. Occurrences of bacteria in WDS, factors affecting bacteria regrowth in bulk water and biofilms, bacteria control strategies, sources of nutrients, human health risks from bacterial exposure, modelling of bacteria regrowth and methods of bacteria sampling and detection and quantification are investigated. Advances to date are noted, and future research needs are identified. Finally, research directions are proposed to effectively control HPC and opportunistic bacteria in bulk water and biofilms in WDS. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 227 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Colombia | 1 | <1% |
| Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
| India | 1 | <1% |
| Spain | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 222 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 40 | 18% |
| Student > Master | 34 | 15% |
| Researcher | 32 | 14% |
| Student > Bachelor | 21 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 5% |
| Other | 36 | 16% |
| Unknown | 52 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 47 | 21% |
| Engineering | 42 | 19% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 29 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 12 | 5% |
| Chemistry | 7 | 3% |
| Other | 29 | 13% |
| Unknown | 61 | 27% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 23 July 2014.
All research outputs
#21,358,731
of 23,854,458 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
#2,266
of 2,748 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#133,014
of 144,759 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
#10
of 11 outputs
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We're also able to compare this research output to 11 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.