Title |
Sapronosis: a distinctive type of infectious agent
|
---|---|
Published in |
Trends in Parasitology, July 2014
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.pt.2014.06.006 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Armand M. Kuris, Kevin D. Lafferty, Susanne H. Sokolow |
Abstract |
Sapronotic disease agents have evolutionary and epidemiological properties unlike other infectious organisms. Their essential saprophagic existence prevents coevolution, and no host-parasite virulence trade-off can evolve. However, the host may evolve defenses. Models of pathogens show that sapronoses, lacking a threshold of transmission, cannot regulate host populations, although they can reduce host abundance and even extirpate their hosts. Immunocompromised hosts are relatively susceptible to sapronoses. Some particularly important sapronoses, such as cholera and anthrax, can sustain an epidemic in a host population. However, these microbes ultimately persist as saprophages. One-third of human infectious disease agents are sapronotic, including nearly all fungal diseases. Recognition that an infectious disease is sapronotic illuminates a need for effective environmental control strategies. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Kenya | 1 | 17% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 4 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 6 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Belgium | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 87 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 22% |
Researcher | 16 | 18% |
Student > Master | 10 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 6% |
Other | 12 | 13% |
Unknown | 21 | 23% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 31 | 34% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 9 | 10% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 5 | 6% |
Environmental Science | 5 | 6% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 6% |
Other | 9 | 10% |
Unknown | 26 | 29% |