Title |
The disutility of the hard-easy effect in choice confidence
|
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Published in |
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, February 2009
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DOI | 10.3758/pbr.16.1.204 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Edgar C. Merkle |
Abstract |
A common finding in confidence research is the hard-easy effect, in which judges exhibit greater overconfidence for more difficult sets of questions. Many explanations have been advanced for the hard-easy effect, including systematic cognitive mechanisms, experimenter bias, random error, and statistical artifact. In this article, I mathematically derive necessary and sufficient conditions for observing a hard-easy effect, and I relate these conditions to previous explanations for the effect. I conclude that all types of judges exhibit the hard-easy effect in almost all realistic situations. Thus, the effect's presence cannot be used to distinguish between judges or to draw support for specific models of confidence elicitation. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 3% |
New Zealand | 1 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 57 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 10 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 15% |
Student > Master | 9 | 15% |
Student > Bachelor | 6 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 5% |
Other | 12 | 20% |
Unknown | 12 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 21 | 34% |
Social Sciences | 8 | 13% |
Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 4 | 7% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 3 | 5% |
Neuroscience | 3 | 5% |
Other | 9 | 15% |
Unknown | 13 | 21% |