| Title |
Almost all about citrulline in mammals
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Amino Acids, August 2005
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00726-005-0235-4 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
E. Curis, I. Nicolis, C. Moinard, S. Osowska, N. Zerrouk, S. Bénazeth, L. Cynober |
| Abstract |
Citrulline (Cit, C6H13N3O3), which is a ubiquitous amino acid in mammals, is strongly related to arginine. Citrulline metabolism in mammals is divided into two fields: free citrulline and citrullinated proteins. Free citrulline metabolism involves three key enzymes: NO synthase (NOS) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OCT) which produce citrulline, and argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) that converts it into argininosuccinate. The tissue distribution of these enzymes distinguishes three "orthogonal" metabolic pathways for citrulline. Firstly, in the liver, citrulline is locally synthesized by OCT and metabolized by ASS for urea production. Secondly, in most of the tissues producing NO, citrulline is recycled into arginine via ASS to increase arginine availability for NO production. Thirdly, citrulline is synthesized in the gut from glutamine (with OCT), released into the blood and converted back into arginine in the kidneys (by ASS); in this pathway, circulating citrulline is in fact a masked form of arginine to avoid liver captation. Each of these pathways has related pathologies and, even more interestingly, citrulline could potentially be used to monitor or treat some of these pathologies. Citrulline has long been administered in the treatment of inherited urea cycle disorders, and recent studies suggest that citrulline may be used to control the production of NO. Recently, citrulline was demonstrated as a potentially useful marker of short bowel function in a wide range of pathologies. One of the most promising research directions deals with the administration of citrulline as a more efficient alternative to arginine, especially against underlying splanchnic sequestration of amino acids. Protein citrullination results from post-translational modification of arginine; that occurs mainly in keratinization-related proteins and myelins, and insufficiencies in this citrullination occur in some auto-immune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis or multiple sclerosis. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 327 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| France | 2 | <1% |
| United States | 2 | <1% |
| Spain | 2 | <1% |
| Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
| South Africa | 1 | <1% |
| Denmark | 1 | <1% |
| Japan | 1 | <1% |
| Philippines | 1 | <1% |
| Unknown | 316 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 49 | 15% |
| Student > Master | 44 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 40 | 12% |
| Researcher | 37 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 26 | 8% |
| Other | 62 | 19% |
| Unknown | 69 | 21% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 69 | 21% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 50 | 15% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 30 | 9% |
| Sports and Recreations | 21 | 6% |
| Chemistry | 17 | 5% |
| Other | 55 | 17% |
| Unknown | 85 | 26% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 13. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 August 2023.
All research outputs
#2,604,199
of 24,329,306 outputs
Outputs from Amino Acids
#138
of 1,568 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#4,363
of 60,451 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Amino Acids
#1
of 8 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,329,306 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 89th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,568 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.1. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 60,451 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 8 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than all of them