Title |
Bat Flight and Zoonotic Viruses - Volume 20, Number 5—May 2014 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
|
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Published in |
Emerging Infectious Diseases, May 2014
|
DOI | 10.3201/eid2005.130539 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Thomas J. O’Shea, Paul M. Cryan, Andrew A. Cunningham, Anthony R. Fooks, David T.S. Hayman, Angela D. Luis, Alison J. Peel, Raina K. Plowright, James L.N. Wood |
Abstract |
Bats are sources of high viral diversity and high-profile zoonotic viruses worldwide. Although apparently not pathogenic in their reservoir hosts, some viruses from bats severely affect other mammals, including humans. Examples include severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses, Ebola and Marburg viruses, and Nipah and Hendra viruses. Factors underlying high viral diversity in bats are the subject of speculation. We hypothesize that flight, a factor common to all bats but to no other mammals, provides an intensive selective force for coexistence with viral parasites through a daily cycle that elevates metabolism and body temperature analogous to the febrile response in other mammals. On an evolutionary scale, this host-virus interaction might have resulted in the large diversity of zoonotic viruses in bats, possibly through bat viruses adapting to be more tolerant of the fever response and less virulent to their natural hosts. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 35 | 26% |
United Kingdom | 7 | 5% |
Spain | 6 | 5% |
Romania | 4 | 3% |
Canada | 3 | 2% |
Australia | 3 | 2% |
Croatia | 2 | 2% |
Switzerland | 2 | 2% |
Kenya | 1 | <1% |
Other | 14 | 11% |
Unknown | 56 | 42% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 87 | 65% |
Scientists | 25 | 19% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 13 | 10% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 7 | 5% |
Unknown | 1 | <1% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 6 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 5 | <1% |
Mexico | 3 | <1% |
France | 2 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Colombia | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
China | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 617 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 115 | 18% |
Researcher | 97 | 15% |
Student > Master | 95 | 15% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 81 | 13% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 32 | 5% |
Other | 113 | 18% |
Unknown | 106 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 197 | 31% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 64 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 50 | 8% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 47 | 7% |
Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 45 | 7% |
Other | 100 | 16% |
Unknown | 136 | 21% |