Title |
Centennial changes in North Pacific anoxia linked to tropical trade winds
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Published in |
Science, August 2014
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DOI | 10.1126/science.1252332 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Curtis Deutsch, William Berelson, Robert Thunell, Thomas Weber, Caitlin Tems, James McManus, John Crusius, Taka Ito, Timothy Baumgartner, Vicente Ferreira, Jacob Mey, Alexander van Geen |
Abstract |
Climate warming is expected to reduce oxygen (O2) supply to the ocean and expand its oxygen minimum zones (OMZs). We reconstructed variations in the extent of North Pacific anoxia since 1850 using a geochemical proxy for denitrification (δ(15)N) from multiple sediment cores. Increasing δ(15)N since ~1990 records an expansion of anoxia, consistent with observed O2 trends. However, this was preceded by a longer declining δ(15)N trend that implies that the anoxic zone was shrinking for most of the 20th century. Both periods can be explained by changes in winds over the tropical Pacific that drive upwelling, biological productivity, and O2 demand within the OMZ. If equatorial Pacific winds resume their predicted weakening trend, the ocean's largest anoxic zone will contract despite a global O2 decline. |
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United Kingdom | 2 | 12% |
Australia | 1 | 6% |
Spain | 1 | 6% |
Korea, Republic of | 1 | 6% |
Belgium | 1 | 6% |
Italy | 1 | 6% |
Hong Kong | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 4 | 24% |
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Members of the public | 12 | 71% |
Scientists | 5 | 29% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
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Germany | 3 | <1% |
United States | 3 | <1% |
Mexico | 2 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Chile | 1 | <1% |
Switzerland | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 301 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 73 | 23% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 60 | 19% |
Student > Master | 38 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 21 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 18 | 6% |
Other | 44 | 14% |
Unknown | 62 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Environmental Science | 42 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 30 | 9% |
Engineering | 18 | 6% |
Physics and Astronomy | 5 | 2% |
Other | 29 | 9% |
Unknown | 80 | 25% |