| Title |
Effects of menthol and its interaction with nicotine-conditioned cue on nicotine-seeking behavior in rats
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Psychopharmacology, September 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00213-017-4736-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Erin Harrison, Lisa Biswas, Ramachandram Avusula, Meiyu Zhang, Yongzhen Gong, Xiu Liu |
| Abstract |
Increasing clinical evidence suggests that menthol, a significant flavoring additive in tobacco products, may contribute to smoking and nicotine dependence. Relapse to smoking behavior presents a formidable challenge for the treatment of tobacco addiction. An unresolved issue is whether the mentholation of tobacco products precipitates relapse to tobacco use in abstinent smokers. The present study examined the effects of menthol on the perseverance and relapse of nicotine-seeking behavior in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to press a lever for intravenous nicotine self-administration (0.03 mg/kg/infusion) under a fixed-ratio five schedule of reinforcement. Each nicotine infusion was signaled by the presentation of a sensory stimulus that was established as a discrete nicotine-conditioned cue. Five minutes prior to the sessions, the rats received an intraperitoneal injection of menthol (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle. In the subsequent extinction test sessions, nicotine was unavailable with or without menthol and/or the nicotine-conditioned cue. The reinstatement tests were performed the following day after the extinction criterion was met. Menthol was also tested on food-seeking responses. In a subset of nicotine-trained rats, a transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) antagonist RQ-00203078 was given prior to menthol administration. Continued administration of menthol sustained responses on the previously active and nicotine-reinforced lever in the extinction tests. The readministration of menthol after extinction reinstated active lever responses. In both the extinction and the reinstatement tests, a combination of pre-session menthol administration and cue representation during the session produced a more robust behavioral effect than either menthol or the cue alone. No such effects of menthol was observed in food trained rats. RQ-00203078 did not change menthol effect on nicotine seeking. These data demonstrated that menthol specifically sustained and reinstated nicotine-seeking behavior, and this effect was independent of TRPM8 activity. These findings suggest that menthol in most tobacco products, even not menthol labeled, may contribute to the perseverance of and relapse to tobacco-seeking behavior. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 19 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 19 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Doctoral Student | 4 | 21% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 11% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 11% |
| Researcher | 2 | 11% |
| Other | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 1 | 5% |
| Unknown | 7 | 37% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 3 | 16% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 16% |
| Psychology | 2 | 11% |
| Physics and Astronomy | 1 | 5% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 1 | 5% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 9 | 47% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 27 November 2017.
All research outputs
#15,479,632
of 23,002,898 outputs
Outputs from Psychopharmacology
#4,264
of 5,365 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#182,355
of 289,792 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Psychopharmacology
#29
of 44 outputs
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