Title |
Comparative analysis of metazoan chromatin organization
|
---|---|
Published in |
Nature, August 2014
|
DOI | 10.1038/nature13415 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Joshua W. K. Ho, Youngsook L. Jung, Tao Liu, Burak H. Alver, Soohyun Lee, Kohta Ikegami, Kyung-Ah Sohn, Aki Minoda, Michael Y. Tolstorukov, Alex Appert, Stephen C. J. Parker, Tingting Gu, Anshul Kundaje, Nicole C. Riddle, Eric Bishop, Thea A. Egelhofer, Sheng'en Shawn Hu, Artyom A. Alekseyenko, Andreas Rechtsteiner, Dalal Asker, Jason A. Belsky, Sarah K. Bowman, Q. Brent Chen, Ron A.-J. Chen, Daniel S. Day, Yan Dong, Andrea C. Dose, Xikun Duan, Charles B. Epstein, Sevinc Ercan, Elise A. Feingold, Francesco Ferrari, Jacob M. Garrigues, Nils Gehlenborg, Peter J. Good, Psalm Haseley, Daniel He, Moritz Herrmann, Michael M. Hoffman, Tess E. Jeffers, Peter V. Kharchenko, Paulina Kolasinska-Zwierz, Chitra V. Kotwaliwale, Nischay Kumar, Sasha A. Langley, Erica N. Larschan, Isabel Latorre, Maxwell W. Libbrecht, Xueqiu Lin, Richard Park, Michael J. Pazin, Hoang N. Pham, Annette Plachetka, Bo Qin, Yuri B. Schwartz, Noam Shoresh, Przemyslaw Stempor, Anne Vielle, Chengyang Wang, Christina M. Whittle, Huiling Xue, Robert E. Kingston, Ju Han Kim, Bradley E. Bernstein, Abby F. Dernburg, Vincenzo Pirrotta, Mitzi I. Kuroda, William S. Noble, Thomas D. Tullius, Manolis Kellis, David M. MacAlpine, Susan Strome, Sarah C. R. Elgin, Xiaole Shirley Liu, Jason D. Lieb, Julie Ahringer, Gary H. Karpen, Peter J. Park |
Abstract |
Genome function is dynamically regulated in part by chromatin, which consists of the histones, non-histone proteins and RNA molecules that package DNA. Studies in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have contributed substantially to our understanding of molecular mechanisms of genome function in humans, and have revealed conservation of chromatin components and mechanisms. Nevertheless, the three organisms have markedly different genome sizes, chromosome architecture and gene organization. On human and fly chromosomes, for example, pericentric heterochromatin flanks single centromeres, whereas worm chromosomes have dispersed heterochromatin-like regions enriched in the distal chromosomal 'arms', and centromeres distributed along their lengths. To systematically investigate chromatin organization and associated gene regulation across species, we generated and analysed a large collection of genome-wide chromatin data sets from cell lines and developmental stages in worm, fly and human. Here we present over 800 new data sets from our ENCODE and modENCODE consortia, bringing the total to over 1,400. Comparison of combinatorial patterns of histone modifications, nuclear lamina-associated domains, organization of large-scale topological domains, chromatin environment at promoters and enhancers, nucleosome positioning, and DNA replication patterns reveals many conserved features of chromatin organization among the three organisms. We also find notable differences in the composition and locations of repressive chromatin. These data sets and analyses provide a rich resource for comparative and species-specific investigations of chromatin composition, organization and function. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 5 | 31% |
United States | 4 | 25% |
Germany | 1 | 6% |
Hungary | 1 | 6% |
Curaçao | 1 | 6% |
France | 1 | 6% |
Canada | 1 | 6% |
Unknown | 2 | 13% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 10 | 63% |
Scientists | 6 | 38% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 20 | 3% |
United Kingdom | 9 | 1% |
Spain | 5 | <1% |
Canada | 5 | <1% |
Germany | 4 | <1% |
France | 4 | <1% |
Japan | 3 | <1% |
Norway | 2 | <1% |
Russia | 2 | <1% |
Other | 16 | 2% |
Unknown | 657 | 90% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 211 | 29% |
Researcher | 181 | 25% |
Student > Master | 55 | 8% |
Student > Bachelor | 50 | 7% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 42 | 6% |
Other | 117 | 16% |
Unknown | 71 | 10% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 357 | 49% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 192 | 26% |
Computer Science | 22 | 3% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 16 | 2% |
Physics and Astronomy | 13 | 2% |
Other | 45 | 6% |
Unknown | 82 | 11% |