Animal models suggest that chemokines are important mediators in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Indeed, these substances have been called "gliotransmitters", a term that illustrates the close interplay between glial cells and neurons in the context of neuroinflammation and pain. However, evidence in humans is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine a comprehensive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory profile for neuropathic pain patients. Our hypothesis was that we would thereby find indications of a postulated on-going process of central neuroinflammation.CSF samples were collected from two cohorts of patients with neuropathic pain (n=11 and n=16, respectively) and healthy controls (n=11). The samples were analyzed with a multiplex proximity extension assay in which 92 inflammation-related proteins were measured simultaneously (Proseek® Multiplex Inflammation I, Olink Bioscience, Uppsala, Sweden). Univariate testing with control of false discovery rate, as well as orthogonal partial least squares - discriminant analysis, were used for statistical analyses.CSF levels of chemokines CXCL6, CXCL10, CCL8, CCL11, CCL23, as well as protein LAPTGF-beta-1, were significantly higher in both neuropathic pain cohorts compared to healthy controls, pointing to neuroinflammation in patients. These 6 proteins were also major results in a recent similar study in fibromyalgia patients. The findings need to be confirmed in larger cohorts, and the question of causality remains to be settled. Since it has been suggested that prevalent co-morbidities to chronic pain (e.g., depression, anxiety, poor sleep, and tiredness) also are associated with neuroinflammation, it will be important to determine whether neuroinflammation is a common mediator.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.