| Title |
Socioeconomic and urban-rural differentials in exposure to air pollution and mortality burden in England
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Environmental Health, October 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12940-017-0314-5 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Ai Milojevic, Claire L. Niedzwiedz, Jamie Pearce, James Milner, Ian A. MacKenzie, Ruth M. Doherty, Paul Wilkinson |
| Abstract |
Socioeconomically disadvantaged populations often have higher exposures to particulate air pollution, which can be expected to contribute to differentials in life expectancy. We examined socioeconomic differentials in exposure and air pollution-related mortality relating to larger scale (5 km resolution) variations in background concentrations of selected pollutants across England. Ozone and particulate matter (sub-divided into PM10, PM2.5, PM2.5-10, primary, nitrate and sulphate PM2.5) were simulated at 5 km horizontal resolution using an atmospheric chemistry transport model (EMEP4UK). Annual mean concentrations of these pollutants were assigned to all 1,202,578 residential postcodes in England, which were classified by urban-rural status and socioeconomic deprivation based on the income and employment domains of the 2010 English Index of Multiple Deprivation for the Lower-level Super Output Area of residence. We used life table methods to estimate PM2.5-attributable life years (LYs) lost in both relative and absolute terms. Concentrations of the most particulate fractions, but not of nitrate PM2.5 or ozone, were modestly higher in areas of greater socioeconomic deprivation. Relationships between pollution level and socioeconomic deprivation were non-linear and varied by urban-rural status. The pattern of PM2.5 concentrations made only a small contribution to the steep socioeconomic gradient in LYs lost due to PM2.5 per 10(3) population, which primarily was driven by the steep socioeconomic gradient in underlying mortality rates. In rural areas, the absolute burden of air pollution-related LYs lost was lowest in the most deprived deciles. Air pollution shows modest socioeconomic patterning at 5 km resolution in England, but absolute attributable mortality burdens are strongly related to area-level deprivation because of underlying mortality rates. Measures that cause a general reduction in background concentrations of air pollution may modestly help narrow socioeconomic differences in health. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 10 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 4 | 40% |
| United States | 1 | 10% |
| Brazil | 1 | 10% |
| Canada | 1 | 10% |
| Spain | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 2 | 20% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 6 | 60% |
| Scientists | 2 | 20% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 10% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 10% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 118 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 118 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 19 | 16% |
| Researcher | 18 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 11 | 9% |
| Student > Bachelor | 10 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 6 | 5% |
| Other | 21 | 18% |
| Unknown | 33 | 28% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 14 | 12% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 13 | 11% |
| Social Sciences | 11 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 8% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 3% |
| Other | 24 | 20% |
| Unknown | 42 | 36% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 13. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 05 March 2021.
All research outputs
#2,634,947
of 25,307,332 outputs
Outputs from Environmental Health
#484
of 1,595 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#48,489
of 329,956 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Environmental Health
#9
of 28 outputs
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We're also able to compare this research output to 28 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 71% of its contemporaries.