Title |
Glioblastoma and chemoresistance to alkylating agents: Involvement of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response
|
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Published in |
Pharmacology & Therapeutics, November 2017
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.10.017 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Sabine Hombach-Klonisch, Maryam Mehrpour, Shahla Shojaei, Craig Harlos, Marshall Pitz, Ahmed Hamai, Krzysztof Siemianowicz, Wirginia Likus, Emilia Wiechec, Brian D. Toyota, Reyhane Hoshyar, Amir Seyfoori, Zahra Sepehri, Sudharsana R. Ande, Forough Khadem, Mohsen Akbari, Adrienne M. Gorman, Afshin Samali, Thomas Klonisch, Saeid Ghavami |
Abstract |
Despite advances in neurosurgical techniques and radio-/ chemotherapy, the treatment of brain tumors remains a challenge. This is particularly true for the most frequent and fatal adult brain tumor, glioblastoma (GB). Upon diagnosis, the average survival time of GB patients remains only approximately 15 months. The alkylating drug temozolomide (TMZ) is routinely used in brain tumor patients and induces apoptosis, autophagy and unfolded protein response (UPR). Here, we review these cellular mechanisms and their contributions to TMZ chemoresistance in brain tumors, with a particular emphasis on TMZ chemoresistance in glioma stem cells and GB. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Canada | 4 | 50% |
Chile | 1 | 13% |
Unknown | 3 | 38% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 5 | 63% |
Scientists | 2 | 25% |
Unknown | 1 | 13% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 201 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Master | 33 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 25 | 12% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 20 | 10% |
Student > Bachelor | 16 | 8% |
Researcher | 15 | 7% |
Other | 31 | 15% |
Unknown | 61 | 30% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 45 | 22% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 23 | 11% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 13 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 11 | 5% |
Neuroscience | 7 | 3% |
Other | 29 | 14% |
Unknown | 73 | 36% |