Cutaneous Ulceration in Dermatomyositis: Association With Anti–Melanoma Differentiation–Associated Gene 5 Antibodies and Interstitial Lung Disease

Neera S. Narang, Livia Casciola‐Rosen, Shufeng Li, Lorinda Chung, David F. Fiorentino

Objective: To identify clinical and serologic correlates of cutaneous ulcers in dermatomyositis (DM). Methods: We retrospectively examined a cohort of 152 DM patients. We compared the features of patients with ulcers to those without ulcers using chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests and used univariate and multivariate logistic regression models to assess the association between ulcers and clinical features such as malignancy, interstitial lung disease (ILD), and amyopathic disease. Results: 43 (28%) patients had cutaneous ulcers. Nearly half the patients had ulcers present in more than one location: 24 (56%) had ulcers over the extensor surfaces of joints, 18 (42%) at the digital pulp or periungual areas, and 25 (58%) had ulcers located elsewhere. In univariate analysis ulcers were associated with Asian race, but not with other clinical and demographic features, including malignancy or ILD. In multivariate analysis ulcers were significantly associated with anti-melanoma differentiation-gene 5 (MDA5) antibodies (OR=10.14, 95%CI 1.95-52.78, p=0.0059) and this was greatest for ulcers located at the digital pulp. In patients with cutaneous ulcers, ILD risk was specifically increased only in patients with anti-MDA5+ antibodies. Conclusion: We confirmed the strong association between anti-MDA5 antibodies and cutaneous ulcers, with the novel finding that the association of cutaneous ulcers with ILD depends upon the presence of anti-MDA5 antibodies. DM patients who display this cutaneous phenotype should undergo appropriate evaluation for ILD. © 2014 American College of Rheumatology.