| Title |
Distinguishing between metabolically active and dormant bacteria on paper
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, November 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00253-017-8604-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Stephanie A. Hice, Miguel C. Santoscoy, Michelle L. Soupir, Rebecca Cademartiri |
| Abstract |
Switching between metabolically active and dormant states provides bacteria with protection from environmental stresses and allows rapid growth under favorable conditions. This rapid growth can be detrimental to the environment, e.g., pathogens in recreational lakes, or to industrial processes, e.g., fermentation, making it useful to quickly determine when the ratio of dormant to metabolically active bacteria changes. While a rapid increase in metabolically active bacteria can cause complications, a high number of dormant bacteria can also be problematic, since they can be more virulent and antibiotic-resistant. To determine the metabolic state of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium, we developed two paper-based colorimetric assays. The color changes were based on oxidoreductases reducing tetrazolium salts to formazans, and alkaline phosphatases cleaving phosphates from nitrophenyl phosphate salt. Specifically, we added iodophenyl-nitrophenyl-phenyl tetrazolium salt (INT) and methylphenazinium methyl sulfate to metabolically active bacteria on paper and INT and para-nitrophenyl phosphate salt to dormant bacteria on paper. The color changed in less than 60 min and was generally visible at 10(3) CFU and quantifiable at 10(6) CFU. The color changes occurred in both bacteria, since oxidoreductases and alkaline phosphatases are common bacterial enzymes. On one hand, this feature makes the assays suitable to a wide range of applications, on the other, it requires specific capture, if only one type of bacterium is of interest. We captured Salmonella or E. coli with immobilized P22 or T4 bacteriophages on the paper, before detecting them at levels of 10(2) or 10(4) CFU, respectively. Determining the ratio of the metabolic state of bacteria or a specific bacterium at low cost and in a short time, makes this methodology useful in environmental, industrial and health care settings. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 16 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 9 | 56% |
| France | 1 | 6% |
| Japan | 1 | 6% |
| Zimbabwe | 1 | 6% |
| Israel | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 3 | 19% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 9 | 56% |
| Scientists | 7 | 44% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 33 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 33 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 5 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 4 | 12% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 4 | 12% |
| Unknown | 11 | 33% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 15% |
| Environmental Science | 4 | 12% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 3 | 9% |
| Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 9% |
| Social Sciences | 2 | 6% |
| Other | 4 | 12% |
| Unknown | 12 | 36% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 10. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 01 April 2019.
All research outputs
#3,763,954
of 25,364,603 outputs
Outputs from Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
#580
of 8,289 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#67,622
of 340,674 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
#12
of 123 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,364,603 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 85th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 8,289 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.4. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 93% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 123 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 91% of its contemporaries.