| Title |
Chronic wheel running-induced reduction of extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in methamphetamine dependent rats is associated with reduced number of periaqueductal gray dopamine neurons
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Brain Structure and Function, October 2014
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00429-014-0905-7 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Jeffery C. Sobieraj, Airee Kim, McKenzie J. Fannon, Chitra D. Mandyam |
| Abstract |
Exercise (physical activity) has been proposed as a treatment for drug addiction. In rodents, voluntary wheel running reduces cocaine and nicotine seeking during extinction, and reinstatement of cocaine seeking triggered by drug-cues. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of chronic wheel running during withdrawal and protracted abstinence on extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking in methamphetamine dependent rats, and to determine a potential neurobiological correlate underlying the effects. Rats were given extended access to methamphetamine (0.05 mg/kg, 6 h/day) for 22 sessions. Rats were withdrawn and were given access to running wheels (wheel runners) or no wheels (sedentary) for 3 weeks after which they experienced extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking. Extended access to methamphetamine self-administration produced escalation in methamphetamine intake. Methamphetamine experience reduced running output, and conversely, access to wheel running during withdrawal reduced responding during extinction and, context- and cue-induced reinstatement of methamphetamine seeking. Immunohistochemical analysis of brain tissue demonstrated that wheel running during withdrawal did not regulate markers of methamphetamine neurotoxicity (neurogenesis, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, vesicular monoamine transporter-2) and cellular activation (c-Fos) in brain regions involved in relapse to drug seeking. However, reduced methamphetamine seeking was associated with running-induced reduction (and normalization) of the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive neurons in the periaqueductal gray (PAG). The present study provides evidence that dopamine neurons of the PAG region show adaptive biochemical changes during methamphetamine seeking in methamphetamine dependent rats and wheel running abolishes these effects. Given that the PAG dopamine neurons project onto the structures of the extended amygdala, the present findings also suggest that wheel running may be preventing certain allostatic changes in the brain reward and stress systems contributing to the negative reinforcement and perpetuation of the addiction cycle. |
X Demographics
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 55 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| South Africa | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 54 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 13 | 24% |
| Student > Bachelor | 11 | 20% |
| Researcher | 6 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 5 | 9% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 3 | 5% |
| Other | 7 | 13% |
| Unknown | 10 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Neuroscience | 11 | 20% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 16% |
| Psychology | 9 | 16% |
| Social Sciences | 3 | 5% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
| Other | 8 | 15% |
| Unknown | 13 | 24% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 73. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 14 March 2018.
All research outputs
#547,149
of 24,217,893 outputs
Outputs from Brain Structure and Function
#21
of 1,725 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#5,765
of 258,199 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Brain Structure and Function
#1
of 48 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 1,725 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.0. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
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