Zika virus infection in children: epidemiology and clinical manifestations

Marcos Vinicius da Silva Pone, Sheila Moura Pone, Andrea Araujo Zin, Pedro Henrique Barros Mendes, Mitsue Senra Aibe, Elisa Barroso de Aguiar, Tallita de Oliveira Gomes da Silva

The purpose of this review is to comprehensively review Congenital Zika Syndrome in regard to their epidemiology and clinical manifestations. This subject review of congenital Zika syndrome was composed after conducting a thorough review of the available literature on this topic using PubMed and other primary sources. The first epidemic of Zika virus infection in Brazil was followed by an unexpected sharp increase in the incidence of infants born with microcephaly and the description of a new disease, the congenital Zika syndrome. This review focuses on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of Zika infection in children. We conducted a brief historical account of the virus description in 1947, the rare cases of Zika infection occurring up to 2007, and the first epidemics in the Pacific between 2007 and 2014. We also discussed the isolation of the virus in Brazil in 2015 and its spread in the Americas, the microcephaly outbreak in Brazil and its association with Zika virus, and the current epidemiological panorama. We address the known clinical spectrum of Zika virus infection in the pediatric population, including manifestations of acute infection and congenital Zika syndrome, with emphasis on cranial, ophthalmic, and orthopedic abnormalities. While much has been learned about congenital Zika syndrome, the full spectrum of this infection is not yet known. This review is based on current, limited data about Zika vírus infection. As more information becomes available, we will have a more accurate picture of this new disease.