| Title |
Benzalkonium Chloride and Anticancer Drugs in Binary Mixtures: Reproductive Toxicity and Genotoxicity in the Freshwater Crustacean Ceriodaphnia dubia
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, November 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00244-017-0473-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Chiara Russo, Michael Kundi, Margherita Lavorgna, Alfredo Parrella, Marina Isidori |
| Abstract |
Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) is a cationic surfactant commonly used as a disinfectant. Its ubiquitous nature is the result of high usage and frequent discharge into the environment and evidence of interaction with numerous contaminants, such as pharmaceutical active compound residues. Anticancer drugs, among these compounds, are able to exert eco-genotoxic effects at sub ng-µg/L. The purpose of this study was to assess the reproductive toxicity and the genotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), cisplatin (CDDP), etoposide (ET), and imatinib mesylate (IM)-binary mixtures combined with BAC in Ceriodaphnia dubia. The effects of the mixtures were assessed under the assumption of independent action in experiments that applied two effect levels. The type of interaction was not the same over the range of effect sizes. The combined action experiment on reproduction showed an antagonistic effect at higher effect levels for all binary combinations, except for BAC/IM, whereas independent action was observed in all mixtures at a low effect level. The results of binary combinations on genotoxicity showed antagonistic effects for BAC + ET and BAC + CDDP, whereas independence was expressed in BAC + IM and BAC + 5-FU. The antagonistic interactions still led to higher effects than those observed after single exposures at the same doses in most cases. The effects of mixtures of drugs should be taken into account for environmental risk assessment. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 31 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 31 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 9 | 29% |
| Student > Master | 6 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 10% |
| Professor | 2 | 6% |
| Student > Bachelor | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 3 | 10% |
| Unknown | 7 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 4 | 13% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 4 | 13% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 10% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 6% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 4 | 13% |
| Unknown | 13 | 42% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 10 April 2018.
All research outputs
#21,153,429
of 23,806,312 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#1,720
of 2,093 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#291,346
of 333,244 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#19
of 37 outputs
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