| Title |
Legislation of direct-to-consumer genetic testing in Europe: a fragmented regulatory landscape
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Community Genetics, November 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s12687-017-0344-2 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
L. Kalokairinou, H. C. Howard, S. Slokenberga, E. Fisher, M. Flatscher-Thöni, M. Hartlev, R. van Hellemondt, J. Juškevičius, J. Kapelenska-Pregowska, P. Kováč, L. Lovrečić, H. Nys, A. de Paor, A. Phillips, L. Prudil, E. Rial-Sebbag, C. M. Romeo Casabona, J. Sándor, A. Schuster, S. Soini, K. H. Søvig, D. Stoffel, T. Titma, T. Trokanas, P. Borry |
| Abstract |
Despite the increasing availability of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing, it is currently unclear how such services are regulated in Europe, due to the lack of EU or national legislation specifically addressing this issue. In this article, we provide an overview of laws that could potentially impact the regulation of DTC genetic testing in 26 European countries, namely Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Emphasis is placed on provisions relating to medical supervision, genetic counselling and informed consent. Our results indicate that currently there is a wide spectrum of laws regarding genetic testing in Europe. There are countries (e.g. France and Germany) which essentially ban DTC genetic testing, while in others (e.g. Luxembourg and Poland) DTC genetic testing may only be restricted by general laws, usually regarding health care services and patients' rights. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 30 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 10% |
| United Kingdom | 3 | 10% |
| Germany | 1 | 3% |
| Spain | 1 | 3% |
| Panama | 1 | 3% |
| Austria | 1 | 3% |
| Switzerland | 1 | 3% |
| Belgium | 1 | 3% |
| Sweden | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 3 | 10% |
| Unknown | 14 | 47% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 18 | 60% |
| Scientists | 11 | 37% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 181 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 181 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 32 | 18% |
| Researcher | 28 | 15% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 12% |
| Student > Bachelor | 18 | 10% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 10 | 6% |
| Other | 29 | 16% |
| Unknown | 42 | 23% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 33 | 18% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 26 | 14% |
| Social Sciences | 19 | 10% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 7% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 3% |
| Other | 33 | 18% |
| Unknown | 52 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 98. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 January 2024.
All research outputs
#440,200
of 26,017,215 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Community Genetics
#5
of 403 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#9,791
of 452,040 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Community Genetics
#1
of 13 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,017,215 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done particularly well and is in the 98th percentile: it's in the top 5% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 403 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.5. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 98% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 452,040 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 97% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 13 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 92% of its contemporaries.