Title |
Relationships between blood lead concentrations, intelligence, and academic achievement of Saudi Arabian schoolgirls
|
---|---|
Published in |
International Journal of Hygiene & Environmental Health, January 2001
|
DOI | 10.1078/1438-4639-00091 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Iman Al-Saleh, Michael Nester, Edward DeVol, Neptune Shinwari, Lina Munchari, Sulieman Al-Shahria |
Abstract |
This cross-sectional study examined the association between blood lead levels and neuropsychological and behavioural problems of 533 schoolgirls (6-12 years of age) who attended public schools in Riyadh, Capital of Saudi Arabia. Regression models were used to determine the best predictors of Beery VMI Saudi-based standard scores, TONI Saudi-based scores and rank percentile. The mean blood lead level was 8.11 +/- 3.50 micrograms/dl in the range of 2.3 to 27.36 micrograms/dl. Significant negative associations were noted between blood lead levels and Beery VMI Saudi-based standard scores as well as rank percentile. Lead had no effect on TONI Saudi-based standard scores. Beery VMI Saudi-based standard scores, TONI Saudi-based standard scores and rank percentiles were inversely related to pupils with blood lead levels > 9 micrograms/dl. These findings attest an association between neuropsychological and behavioural impairment and lead exposure at blood lead levels in the range of 9.02 to 27.36 micrograms/dl. The results of this study should be seriously considered by public health authorities to give more attention to this pediatric health problem. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Saudi Arabia | 17 | 31% |
Jamaica | 1 | 2% |
United States | 1 | 2% |
Unknown | 35 | 65% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 50 | 93% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 6% |
Scientists | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 32 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 18% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 12% |
Student > Master | 3 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 9% |
Researcher | 3 | 9% |
Other | 10 | 30% |
Unknown | 4 | 12% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 30% |
Environmental Science | 3 | 9% |
Psychology | 2 | 6% |
Decision Sciences | 2 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 3% |
Other | 7 | 21% |
Unknown | 8 | 24% |