Title |
Increased levels of IL-6 in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with chronic schizophrenia — significance for activation of the kynurenine pathway
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Published in |
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience : JPN, March 2015
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DOI | 10.1503/jpn.140126 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Lilly Schwieler, Markus K Larsson, Elisabeth Skogh, Magdalena E Kegel, Funda Orhan, Sally Abdelmoaty, Anja Finn, Maria Bhat, Martin Samuelsson, Kristina Lundberg, Marja-Liisa Dahl, Carl Sellgren, Ina Schuppe-Koistinen, Camilla Svensson, Sophie Erhardt, Göran Engberg |
Abstract |
Accumulating evidence indicates that schizophrenia is associated with brain immune activation. While a number of reports suggest increased cytokine levels in patients with schizophrenia, many of these studies have been limited by their focus on peripheral cytokines or confounded by various antipsychotic treatments. Here, well-characterized patients with schizophrenia, all receiving olanzapine treatment, and healthy volunteers were analyzed with regard to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of cytokines. We correlated the CSF cytokine levels to previously analyzed metabolites of the kynurenine (KYN) pathway. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Brazil | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 173 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 34 | 19% |
Student > Master | 23 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 22 | 12% |
Researcher | 16 | 9% |
Other | 10 | 6% |
Other | 29 | 16% |
Unknown | 43 | 24% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 38 | 21% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 23 | 13% |
Neuroscience | 22 | 12% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 6% |
Psychology | 10 | 6% |
Other | 19 | 11% |
Unknown | 55 | 31% |