Title |
Modern iron replacement therapy: clinical and pathophysiological insights
|
---|---|
Published in |
International Journal of Hematology, December 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/s12185-017-2373-3 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Domenico Girelli, Sara Ugolini, Fabiana Busti, Giacomo Marchi, Annalisa Castagna |
Abstract |
Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is extremely frequent worldwide, representing a major public health problem. Iron replacement therapy dates back to the seventeenth century, and has progressed relatively slowly until recently. Both oral and intravenous traditional iron formulations are known to be far from ideal, mainly because of tolerability and safety issues, respectively. At the beginning of this century, the discovery of hepcidin/ferroportin axis has represented a turning point in the knowledge of the pathophysiology of iron metabolism disorders, ushering a new era. In the meantime, advances in the pharmaceutical technologies are producing newer iron formulations aimed at minimizing the problems inherent with traditional approaches. The pharmacokinetic of oral and parenteral iron is substantially different, and diversities have become even clearer in light of the hepcidin master role in regulating systemic iron homeostasis. Here we review how iron therapy is changing because of such important advances in both pathophysiology and pharmacology. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United Kingdom | 14 | 40% |
Italy | 3 | 9% |
United States | 2 | 6% |
Jordan | 1 | 3% |
Pakistan | 1 | 3% |
Malawi | 1 | 3% |
Saudi Arabia | 1 | 3% |
Spain | 1 | 3% |
Unknown | 11 | 31% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 27 | 77% |
Scientists | 5 | 14% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 3 | 9% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 214 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Other | 23 | 11% |
Researcher | 23 | 11% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 19 | 9% |
Student > Master | 18 | 8% |
Other | 44 | 21% |
Unknown | 67 | 31% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 84 | 39% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 13 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 9 | 4% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 8 | 4% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 2% |
Other | 28 | 13% |
Unknown | 67 | 31% |