Title |
Diabetic retinopathy: hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and beyond
|
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Published in |
Diabetologia, September 2017
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00125-017-4435-8 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Hans-Peter Hammes |
Abstract |
Diabetic retinopathy remains a relevant clinical problem. In parallel with diagnostic and therapeutic improvements, the role of glycaemia and reactive metabolites causing cell stress and biochemical abnormalities as treatment targets needs continuous re-evaluation. Furthermore, the basic mechanisms of physiological angiogenesis, remodelling and pruning give important clues about the origins of vasoregression during the very early stages of diabetic retinopathy and can be modelled in animals. This review summarises evidence supporting a role for the neurovascular unit-composed of neuronal, glial and vascular cells-as a responder to the biochemical changes imposed by reactive metabolites and high glucose. Normoglycaemic animal models developing retinal degeneration, provide valuable information about common pathways downstream of progressive neuronal damage that induce vasoregression, as in diabetic models. These models can serve to assess novel treatments addressing the entire neurovascular unit for the benefit of early diabetic retinopathy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 8 | 17% |
Spain | 4 | 9% |
Denmark | 2 | 4% |
Germany | 2 | 4% |
Canada | 2 | 4% |
United States | 2 | 4% |
France | 1 | 2% |
Mexico | 1 | 2% |
Australia | 1 | 2% |
Other | 5 | 11% |
Unknown | 18 | 39% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 32 | 70% |
Scientists | 7 | 15% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 6 | 13% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 2% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 193 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 31 | 16% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 18 | 9% |
Student > Master | 18 | 9% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 18 | 9% |
Other | 16 | 8% |
Other | 36 | 19% |
Unknown | 56 | 29% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 55 | 28% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 29 | 15% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 12 | 6% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 5 | 3% |
Neuroscience | 5 | 3% |
Other | 25 | 13% |
Unknown | 62 | 32% |