| Title |
Applying Incremental Sampling Methodology to Soils Containing Heterogeneously Distributed Metallic Residues to Improve Risk Analysis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, December 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00128-017-2252-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
J. L. Clausen, T. Georgian, K. H. Gardner, T. A. Douglas |
| Abstract |
This study compares conventional grab sampling to incremental sampling methodology (ISM) to characterize metal contamination at a military small-arms-range. Grab sample results had large variances, positively skewed non-normal distributions, extreme outliers, and poor agreement between duplicate samples even when samples were co-located within tens of centimeters of each other. The extreme outliers strongly influenced the grab sample means for the primary contaminants lead (Pb) and antinomy (Sb). In contrast, median and mean metal concentrations were similar for the ISM samples. ISM significantly reduced measurement uncertainty of estimates of the mean, increasing data quality (e.g., for environmental risk assessments) with fewer samples (e.g., decreasing total project costs). Based on Monte Carlo resampling simulations, grab sampling resulted in highly variable means and upper confidence limits of the mean relative to ISM. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 10 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 10 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 40% |
| Other | 3 | 30% |
| Researcher | 1 | 10% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 1 | 10% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Environmental Science | 2 | 20% |
| Engineering | 2 | 20% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 10% |
| Chemistry | 1 | 10% |
| Unknown | 4 | 40% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 22 January 2018.
All research outputs
#18,922,529
of 24,119,703 outputs
Outputs from Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#2,738
of 4,112 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#318,434
of 448,318 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#37
of 75 outputs
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