Title |
Associations between air pollution and socioeconomic characteristics, ethnicity and age profile of neighbourhoods in England and the Netherlands
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Published in |
Environmental Pollution, January 2015
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DOI | 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.12.014 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Daniela Fecht, Paul Fischer, Léa Fortunato, Gerard Hoek, Kees de Hoogh, Marten Marra, Hanneke Kruize, Danielle Vienneau, Rob Beelen, Anna Hansell |
Abstract |
Air pollution levels are generally believed to be higher in deprived areas but associations are complex especially between sensitive population subgroups. We explore air pollution inequalities at national, regional and city level in England and the Netherlands comparing particulate matter (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations and publicly available population characteristics (deprivation, ethnicity, proportion of children and elderly). We saw higher concentrations in the most deprived 20% of neighbourhoods in England (1.5 μg/m(3) higher PM10 and 4.4 μg/m(3) NO2). Concentrations in both countries were higher in neighbourhoods with >20% non-White (England: 3.0 μg/m(3) higher PM10 and 10.1 μg/m(3) NO2; the Netherlands: 1.1 μg/m(3) higher PM10 and 4.5 μg/m(3) NO2) after adjustment for urbanisation and other variables. Associations for some areas differed from the national results. Air pollution inequalities were mainly an urban problem suggesting measures to reduce environmental air pollution inequality should include a focus on city transport. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 10 | 40% |
United States | 2 | 8% |
Unknown | 13 | 52% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 17 | 68% |
Scientists | 3 | 12% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 12% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 2 | 8% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 4 | 1% |
Spain | 1 | <1% |
France | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 303 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 47 | 15% |
Student > Master | 43 | 14% |
Researcher | 42 | 14% |
Student > Bachelor | 33 | 11% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 14 | 5% |
Other | 28 | 9% |
Unknown | 102 | 33% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 53 | 17% |
Social Sciences | 30 | 10% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 25 | 8% |
Engineering | 19 | 6% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 4% |
Other | 45 | 15% |
Unknown | 124 | 40% |