Title |
Criteria for unconscious cognition: Three types of dissociation
|
---|---|
Published in |
Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics, April 2006
|
DOI | 10.3758/bf03193692 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Thomas Schmidt, Dirk Vorberg |
Abstract |
To demonstrate unconscious cognition, researchers commonly compare a direct measure (D) of awareness for a critical stimulus with an indirect measure (I) showing that the stimulus was cognitively processed at all. We discuss and empirically demonstrate three types of dissociation with distinct appearances in D-I plots, in which direct and indirect effects are plotted against each other in a shared effect size metric. Simple dissociations between D and I occur when I has some nonzero value and D is at chance level; the traditional requirement of zero awareness is necessary for this criterion only. Sensitivity dissociations only require that I be larger than D; double dissociations occur whensome experimental manipulation has opposite effects on I and D. We show that double dissociations require much weaker measurement assumptions than do other criteria. Several alternative approaches can be considered special cases of our framework. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Netherlands | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Scientists | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Germany | 5 | 4% |
Switzerland | 3 | 2% |
Netherlands | 2 | 2% |
United Kingdom | 2 | 2% |
Italy | 1 | <1% |
Australia | 1 | <1% |
Sweden | 1 | <1% |
Argentina | 1 | <1% |
Belgium | 1 | <1% |
Other | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 115 | 86% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 30 | 23% |
Researcher | 26 | 20% |
Student > Master | 15 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 13 | 10% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 12 | 9% |
Other | 25 | 19% |
Unknown | 12 | 9% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 72 | 54% |
Neuroscience | 17 | 13% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 4% |
Computer Science | 3 | 2% |
Social Sciences | 3 | 2% |
Other | 16 | 12% |
Unknown | 17 | 13% |