| Title |
Microbial Biofilms on the Sandstone Monuments of the Angkor Wat Complex, Cambodia
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Current Microbiology, October 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00284-011-0034-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Christine C. Gaylarde, César Hernández Rodríguez, Yendi E. Navarro-Noya, B. Otto Ortega-Morales |
| Abstract |
Discoloring biofilms from Cambodian temples Angkor Wat, Preah Khan, and the Bayon and West Prasat in Angkor Thom contained a microbial community dominated by coccoid cyanobacteria. Molecular analysis identified Chroococcidiopsis as major colonizer, but low similarity values (<95%) suggested a similar genus or species not present in the databases. In only two of the six sites sampled were filamentous cyanobacteria, Microcoleus, Leptolyngbya, and Scytonema, found; the first two detected by sequencing of 16S rRNA gene library clones from samples of a moist green biofilm on internal walls in Preah Khan, where Lyngbya (possibly synonymous with Microcoleus) was seen by direct microscopy as major colonizer. Scytonema was detected also by microscopy on an internal wall in the Bayon. This suggests that filamentous cyanobacteria are more prevalent in internal (high moisture) areas. Heterotrophic bacteria were found in all samples. DNA sequencing of bands from DGGE gels identified Proteobacteria (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Methylobacterium radiotolerans) and Firmicutes (Bacillus sp., Bacillus niacini, Bacillus sporothermodurans, Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Paenibacillus sp., Paenibacillus panacisoli, and Paenibacillus zanthoxyli). Some of these bacteria produce organic acids, potentially degrading stone. Actinobacteria, mainly streptomycetes, were present in most samples; algae and fungi were rare. A dark-pigmented filamentous fungus was detected in internal and external Preah Khan samples, while the alga Trentepohlia was found only in samples taken from external, pink-stained stone at Preah Khan. Results show that these microbial biofilms are mature communities whose major constituents are resistant to dehydration and high levels of irradiation and can be involved in deterioration of sandstone. Such analyses are important prerequisites to the application of control strategies. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 90 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 3% |
| Mexico | 1 | 1% |
| Spain | 1 | 1% |
| Canada | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 84 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Researcher | 16 | 18% |
| Student > Bachelor | 11 | 12% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 11% |
| Student > Master | 9 | 10% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 8 | 9% |
| Other | 21 | 23% |
| Unknown | 15 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 26 | 29% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 11 | 12% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 9 | 10% |
| Environmental Science | 6 | 7% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 4 | 4% |
| Other | 14 | 16% |
| Unknown | 20 | 22% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 10 October 2018.
All research outputs
#7,451,284
of 22,780,165 outputs
Outputs from Current Microbiology
#487
of 2,408 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#46,558
of 139,294 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Current Microbiology
#5
of 10 outputs
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So far Altmetric has tracked 2,408 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 3.2. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 53% of its peers.
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