| Title |
Simians in the Shape School: A comparative study of executive attention
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Learning & Behavior, January 2018
|
| DOI | 10.3758/s13420-017-0310-1 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Kristin French, Michael J. Beran, Kimberly Andrews Espy, David A. Washburn |
| Abstract |
Executive functions (EF) have been studied extensively in children and adults. However, EF tasks for young children can be difficult to administer and interpret. Espy (1997, Developmental Neuropsychology, 13, 495-499) designed the Shape School task to measure inhibition and switching in preschool-aged children. Shape School presents cartoon-like characters that children must flexibly name by their color, their shape, or both, depending on cues that indicate the appropriate rule. Shape School has been found to be age sensitive as well as predictive of performance on other EF tasks. We presented a computerized analogue of Shape School to seven rhesus macaques. Monkeys were trained to categorize characters by color or shape, or to inhibit this response, depending on whether the characters had eyes open, eyes closed, or wore hats. Monkeys performed above chance on the inhibition and switching components of the task. Long runs of a single classification rule and long runs of noninhibition trials had no significant impact on performance when the rule changed or inhibition was required. This nonverbal adaptation of Shape School can measure EF in nonhuman animals and could be used in conjunction with other EF tasks to provide a clearer picture of both human and nonhuman executive functions. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 33% |
| Scientists | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 24 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 24 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 17% |
| Researcher | 3 | 13% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 2 | 8% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 8% |
| Student > Master | 2 | 8% |
| Other | 4 | 17% |
| Unknown | 7 | 29% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 5 | 21% |
| Neuroscience | 4 | 17% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 8% |
| Sports and Recreations | 1 | 4% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 10 | 42% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 September 2018.
All research outputs
#16,725,651
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from Learning & Behavior
#364
of 904 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#271,203
of 449,895 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Learning & Behavior
#7
of 13 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,382,440 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 32nd percentile – i.e., 32% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 904 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.1. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 55% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 13 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 38th percentile – i.e., 38% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.