| Title |
Digit Ratio (2D:4D) in Homosexual and Heterosexual Men from Austria
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Sexual Behavior, June 2005
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s10508-005-3122-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Martin Voracek, John T. Manning, Ivo Ponocny |
| Abstract |
Neurohormonal theories of sexual orientation emphasize the organizational effects of testosterone on the developing brain. A recent suggestion, that the ratio of the length of the 2nd and 4th digits (2D:4D) is negatively correlated with prenatal testosterone, has led to a number of studies of 2D:4D in homosexual and heterosexual men and women. The results have been mixed. In comparison to heterosexual men, mean 2D:4D in gay men has been reported to be hypermasculinized (lower 2D:4D), hypomasculinized (higher 2D:4D), or to show no significant difference. Here, we report mean 2D:4D in Austrian homosexual and heterosexual men. We found no significant difference between means for homosexual and heterosexual 2D:4D, with values for both falling between 0.96 to 0.97. There are now 6 reports of 2D:4D in heterosexual and homosexual men. Considering Caucasian men, the studies from the United States show low heterosexual mean 2D:4D, and homosexual mean 2D:4D is higher or similar to that of heterosexuals. The European studies show high heterosexual mean 2D:4D, and comparisons with homosexuals reveal the latter to have lower or similar mean 2D:4D to that of heterosexuals. We discuss these results in relation to the suggestion that mean 2D:4D in heterosexual men differs across populations but mean 2D:4D in homosexuals shows less geographical variation (the "uniform mean hypothesis"). It is concluded that more data are required to clarify whether or not there is a 2D:4D effect for sexual orientation in men. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 62 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | 1 | 2% |
| United States | 1 | 2% |
| Brazil | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 59 | 95% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 12 | 19% |
| Student > Master | 9 | 15% |
| Student > Bachelor | 7 | 11% |
| Researcher | 5 | 8% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 5 | 8% |
| Other | 15 | 24% |
| Unknown | 9 | 15% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 22 | 35% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 10 | 16% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 8% |
| Social Sciences | 3 | 5% |
| Sports and Recreations | 2 | 3% |
| Other | 7 | 11% |
| Unknown | 13 | 21% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 13. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 09 October 2019.
All research outputs
#2,278,753
of 22,778,347 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Sexual Behavior
#1,018
of 3,448 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#3,755
of 57,218 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Sexual Behavior
#2
of 8 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,778,347 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 89th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,448 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 28.2. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 70% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 8 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 6 of them.