Title |
Organophosphate and brominated flame retardants in Australian indoor environments: Levels, sources, and preliminary assessment of human exposure
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Published in |
Environmental Pollution, January 2018
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DOI | 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.017 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Chang He, Xianyu Wang, Phong Thai, Christine Baduel, Christie Gallen, Andrew Banks, Paul Bainton, Karin English, Jochen F. Mueller |
Abstract |
Concentrations of nine organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) and eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in samples of indoor dust (n = 85) and air (n = 45) from Australian houses, offices, hotels, and transportation (buses, trains, and aircraft). All target compounds were detected in indoor dust and air samples. Median ∑9OPFRs concentrations were 40 μg/g in dust and 44 ng/m3 in indoor air, while median ∑8PBDEs concentrations were 2.1 μg/g and 0.049 ng/m3. Concentrations of FRs were higher in rooms that contained carpet, air conditioners, and various electronic items. Estimated daily intakes in adults are 14000 pg/kg body weight/day and 330 pg/kg body weight/day for ∑9OPFRs and ∑8PBDEs, respectively. Our results suggest that for the volatile FRs such as tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) and TCIPP, inhalation is expected to be the more important intake pathway compared to dust ingestion and dermal contact. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 1 | 50% |
Ireland | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 2 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 82 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 14 | 17% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 8 | 10% |
Researcher | 6 | 7% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 6% |
Student > Postgraduate | 4 | 5% |
Other | 8 | 10% |
Unknown | 37 | 45% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 17 | 21% |
Chemistry | 8 | 10% |
Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 2 | 2% |
Chemical Engineering | 2 | 2% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 2% |
Other | 7 | 9% |
Unknown | 44 | 54% |