| Title |
Hypermutated Tumors and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Drugs, January 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s40265-018-0863-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Kristen K. Ciombor, Richard M. Goldberg |
| Abstract |
Microsatellite instability-high/DNA mismatch repair deficient tumors are found across the cancer spectrum and often harbor markedly increased numbers of mutations when compared to microsatellite stable/DNA mismatch repair proficient tumors. As a result of this high mutational load, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte density is increased and more immunogenic neoepitopes are expressed, leading to upregulation of immune checkpoints in these tumors. Checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab and nivolumab, both immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) monoclonal antibodies that block interactions between the programmed cell death receptor-1 and its ligands, have significant activity in this tumor class. This review will focus on hypermutated tumors and immuno-oncology drug development for this biologically unique tumor type, with an emphasis on FDA-approved immunotherapies for these cancers, as well as a short discussion of the many therapeutic and scientific challenges ahead in order to optimize the uses of this new class of drug. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 3 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 36 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 36 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 6 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 5 | 14% |
| Researcher | 5 | 14% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 2 | 6% |
| Lecturer | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 4 | 11% |
| Unknown | 13 | 36% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 10 | 28% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 6 | 17% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 8% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 1 | 3% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 3% |
| Other | 2 | 6% |
| Unknown | 13 | 36% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 5. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 21 October 2021.
All research outputs
#5,918,223
of 22,925,760 outputs
Outputs from Drugs
#1,010
of 3,273 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#120,728
of 440,601 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Drugs
#13
of 27 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,925,760 research outputs across all sources so far. This one has received more attention than most of these and is in the 73rd percentile.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,273 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 6.9. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 68% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 440,601 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 72% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 27 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 55% of its contemporaries.