Title |
Epilepsies associated with focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs)
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Published in |
Acta Neuropathologica, June 2014
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DOI | 10.1007/s00401-014-1304-0 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Imad M. Najm, Laura Tassi, Harvey B. Sarnat, Hans Holthausen, Giorgio Lo Russo |
Abstract |
Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are increasingly recognized as one of the most common causes of pharmaco-resistant epilepsies. FCDs were recently divided into various clinico-pathological subtypes due to distinct imaging, electrophysiological, and outcome characteristics. In this review, we will overview the international consensus classification of FCDs in light of more recently reported clinical, electrical, imaging and functional observations, and will also address areas of ongoing debate. In addition, we will summarize our current knowledge on pathobiology and epileptogenicity of FCDs as well as its underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. The clinical (electroencephalographic, imaging, and functional) characteristics of major FCD subtypes and their implications on the presurgical evaluation and surgical management will be discussed in light of studies describing these characteristics and postoperative seizure outcomes in patients with medically intractable focal epilepsy due to histopathologically confirmed FCDs. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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Finland | 1 | 1% |
United States | 1 | 1% |
Unknown | 75 | 97% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
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Researcher | 15 | 19% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 10 | 13% |
Student > Master | 10 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 5 | 6% |
Student > Postgraduate | 5 | 6% |
Other | 18 | 23% |
Unknown | 14 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
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Medicine and Dentistry | 33 | 43% |
Neuroscience | 11 | 14% |
Unspecified | 3 | 4% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 3% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 3% |
Other | 5 | 6% |
Unknown | 21 | 27% |