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Mendeley readers
Attention Score in Context
| Title |
Genetic characterisation of Toxoplasma gondii in wildlife from North America revealed widespread and high prevalence of the fourth clonal type
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
International Journal for Parasitology, July 2011
|
| DOI | 10.1016/j.ijpara.2011.06.005 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
J.P. Dubey, G.V. Velmurugan, C. Rajendran, M.J. Yabsley, N.J. Thomas, K.B. Beckmen, D. Sinnett, D. Ruid, J. Hart, P.A. Fair, W.E. McFee, V. Shearn-Bochsler, O.C.H. Kwok, L.R. Ferreira, S. Choudhary, E.B. Faria, H. Zhou, T.A. Felix, C. Su |
| Abstract |
Little is known of the genetic diversity of Toxoplasma gondii circulating in wildlife. In the present study wild animals, from the USA were examined for T. gondii infection. Tissues of naturally exposed animals were bioassayed in mice for isolation of viable parasites. Viable T. gondii was isolated from 31 animals including, to our knowledge for the first time, from a bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), five gray wolves (Canis lupus), a woodrat (Neotoma micropus), and five Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus). Additionally, 66 T. gondii isolates obtained previously, but not genetically characterised, were revived in mice. Toxoplasma gondii DNA isolated from these 97 samples (31+66) was characterised using 11 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers (SAG1, 5'- and 3'-SAG2, alt.SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, c22-8, c29-2, L358, PK1 and Apico). A total of 95 isolates were successfully genotyped. In addition to clonal Types II, and III, 12 different genotypes were found. These genotype data were combined with 74 T. gondii isolates previously characterised from wildlife from North America and a composite data set of 169 isolates comprised 22 genotypes, including clonal Types II, III and 20 atypical genotypes. Phylogenetic network analysis showed limited diversity with dominance of a recently designated fourth clonal type (Type 12) in North America, followed by the Type II and III lineages. These three major lineages together accounted for 85% of strains in North America. The Type 12 lineage includes previously identified Type A and X strains from sea otters. This study revealed that the Type 12 lineage accounts for 46.7% (79/169) of isolates and is dominant in wildlife of North America. No clonal Type I strain was identified among these wildlife isolates. These results suggest that T. gondii strains in wildlife from North America have limited diversity, with the occurrence of only a few major clonal types. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 266 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 3 | 1% |
| Brazil | 3 | 1% |
| United Kingdom | 2 | <1% |
| Colombia | 2 | <1% |
| Chile | 1 | <1% |
| Turkey | 1 | <1% |
| Australia | 1 | <1% |
| Norway | 1 | <1% |
| Portugal | 1 | <1% |
| Other | 8 | 3% |
| Unknown | 243 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 52 | 20% |
| Researcher | 46 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 45 | 17% |
| Student > Bachelor | 24 | 9% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 17 | 6% |
| Other | 48 | 18% |
| Unknown | 34 | 13% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 116 | 44% |
| Veterinary Science and Veterinary Medicine | 38 | 14% |
| Environmental Science | 27 | 10% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 18 | 7% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 11 | 4% |
| Other | 15 | 6% |
| Unknown | 41 | 15% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 21 April 2014.
All research outputs
#8,882,501
of 26,017,215 outputs
Outputs from International Journal for Parasitology
#764
of 2,107 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#49,339
of 133,253 outputs
Outputs of similar age from International Journal for Parasitology
#5
of 17 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,017,215 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 42nd percentile – i.e., 42% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,107 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.7. This one is in the 29th percentile – i.e., 29% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 133,253 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 33rd percentile – i.e., 33% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 17 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 58% of its contemporaries.