Title |
Use of botulinum toxin-A for musculoskeletal pain in patients with whiplash associated disorders [ISRCTN68653575]
|
---|---|
Published in |
BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, February 2004
|
DOI | 10.1186/1471-2474-5-5 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Francisco J Juan |
Abstract |
Whiplash associated disorder is commonly linked to motor vehicle accidents and sports injuries. Cervical injury is attributed to rapid extension followed by neck flexion. The exact pathophysiology of whiplash is uncertain but probably involves some degree of aberrant muscle spasms and may produce a wide range of symptoms. The most commonly prescribed pharmacological agents for initial treatment of whiplash-associated pain are oral muscle relaxants and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, potential systemic adverse effects limit these agents. Physical interventions such as mobilization, manipulation, and exercises have proved beneficial for pain and dysfunction but only on a time-limited basis. Little evidence suggests that physical therapy specifically aimed at the musculature (e.g., transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasonography, heat, ice, and acupuncture) improves prognosis in acute whiplash associated disorder. A new approach to treatment is the use of botulinum toxin, which acts to reduce muscle spasms. |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Spain | 1 | <1% |
United States | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 121 | 98% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unspecified | 27 | 22% |
Student > Master | 15 | 12% |
Researcher | 12 | 10% |
Student > Postgraduate | 11 | 9% |
Student > Bachelor | 10 | 8% |
Other | 27 | 22% |
Unknown | 21 | 17% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 37 | 30% |
Unspecified | 27 | 22% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 19 | 15% |
Sports and Recreations | 4 | 3% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 3 | 2% |
Other | 8 | 7% |
Unknown | 25 | 20% |