Title |
Ambient UV-B radiation causes deformities in amphibian embryos
|
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Published in |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, December 1997
|
DOI | 10.1073/pnas.94.25.13735 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Andrew R. Blaustein, Joseph M. Kiesecker, Douglas P. Chivers, Robert G. Anthony |
Abstract |
There has been a great deal of recent attention on the suspected increase in amphibian deformities. However, most reports of amphibian deformities have been anecdotal, and no experiments in the field under natural conditions have been performed to investigate this phenomenon. Under laboratory conditions, a variety of agents can induce deformities in amphibians. We investigated one of these agents, UV-B radiation, in field experiments, as a cause for amphibian deformities. We monitored hatching success and development in long-toed salamanders under UV-B shields and in regimes that allowed UV-B radiation. Embryos under UV-B shields had a significantly higher hatching rate and fewer deformities, and developed more quickly than those exposed to UV-B. Deformities may contribute directly to embryo mortality, and they may affect an individual's subsequent survival after hatching. |
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Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 11 | 6% |
Brazil | 5 | 3% |
Germany | 3 | 2% |
Portugal | 2 | 1% |
Spain | 2 | 1% |
Canada | 1 | <1% |
Ireland | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Romania | 1 | <1% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 164 | 86% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Researcher | 41 | 21% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 29 | 15% |
Student > Master | 21 | 11% |
Student > Bachelor | 14 | 7% |
Professor | 13 | 7% |
Other | 38 | 20% |
Unknown | 35 | 18% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 117 | 61% |
Environmental Science | 18 | 9% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 4% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 2 | 1% |
Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 1% |
Other | 6 | 3% |
Unknown | 39 | 20% |