| Title |
Comparative behavioural and neurochemical studies with a psychomotor stimulant, an hallucinogen and 3,4-methylenedioxy analogues of amphetamine
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Psychopharmacology, April 1995
|
| DOI | 10.1007/bf02245958 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
K. M. Hegadoren, M. T. Martin-Iverson, G. B. Baker |
| Abstract |
Spontaneous behaviours were assessed in freely moving rats after treatment with equimolar doses of drugs that share a basic amphetamine structure. The drugs used included a psychomotor stimulant [(+)-amphetamine (AMPH)], an hallucinogen [para-methoxyamphetamine (PMA)] and the entactogens 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine (MDE). A detailed analysis of the frequency and duration of 30 different behaviours and the temporal organization of the behaviours was conducted in addition to measuring motor activity with an automated device. Levels of the biogenic amines and their acid metabolites in discrete brain regions and brain drug levels were also obtained. The automated motor activity measures discriminated among entactogens, the stimulant and the hallucinogen, but failed to distinguish between the hallucinogen and vehicle. Principal components analysis and cluster analysis of the frequencies and durations of the behaviours did not improve the classification of the drugs over the automated motor activity measures. Only the cluster analysis of the transitions between individual behaviours succeeded in differentiating the drug classes from each other and from vehicle treatment. All the behavioural measures classified one entactogen (MDE) as an hallucinogen. Cortical 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) measures grouped MDE with the other entactogens but did not distinguish AMPH from vehicle. However, striatal dopamine measures differentiated AMPH from vehicle treatment. Variations in the durations of behavioural effects across drugs were associated with large differences in drug levels 3 h after injection. Although the neurochemical data provided a classification system that most closely parallels human subjective effects of these drugs, both the neurochemical and the behavioural measures supported the existence of an entactogen class distinct from a psychomotor stimulant and an hallucinogen. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 16 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 16 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 5 | 31% |
| Student > Bachelor | 3 | 19% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 19% |
| Researcher | 2 | 13% |
| Other | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 2 | 13% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Psychology | 5 | 31% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 13% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 2 | 13% |
| Neuroscience | 2 | 13% |
| Chemistry | 1 | 6% |
| Other | 1 | 6% |
| Unknown | 3 | 19% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 6. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 19 January 2013.
All research outputs
#5,256,565
of 24,739,153 outputs
Outputs from Psychopharmacology
#1,326
of 5,567 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#3,257
of 24,075 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Psychopharmacology
#5
of 32 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 24,739,153 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 75th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 5,567 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a lot more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 11.3. This one has gotten more attention than average, scoring higher than 69% of its peers.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 32 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 75% of its contemporaries.