| Title |
Determination of halogenated flame retardants by GC-API-MS/MS and GC-EI-MS: a multi-compound multi-matrix method
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry, December 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00216-017-0784-x |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Frank Neugebauer, Annekatrin Dreyer, Nina Lohmann, Jan Koschorreck |
| Abstract |
The extensive application of halogenated flame retardants has led to their widespread distribution in the environment. Recently, concerns emerged regarding their potential persistence, (bio)accumulation, and/or toxicity. Particularly halogenated flame retardants based on norbornene structures, like Dechlorane Plus as well as other brominated PBDE replacements, generically called emerging, novel, or alternative flame retardants, are in the focus of interest. A comprehensive analytical method for the determination of 21 halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) of different substance classes (dechloranes, brominated aromates, brominated ethers, cyclic BFR) in a broad variety of matrices (tree leaves, fish fillet, birds eggs, suspended particles) was developed in order to assess their environmental levels as well as temporal trends, especially for the use within environmental specimen banks (ESBs). In addition to the alternative HFRs, a set of 24 PBDEs were measured in the same samples, however using GC-EI-MS for detection. Samples were extracted using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) with dichloromethane:hexane (exception: soxhlet extraction for suspended particles) followed by a multi column clean-up. Quantification was performed by API-GC-MS/MS as a modern, gentle, and sensitive technique for simultaneous detection of compounds throughout a wide range of masses and fragmentation characteristics (exception: PBDE detection using GC-EI-MS). With the exception of BDE 209, instrumental precisions of target compounds ranged from 1% to 16 % (at levels of 2 pg injection-1 for HFR, 20 pg injection-1 for DBDPE, 7-36 pg injection-1 for PBDEs). Interday precisions of the entire analytical method including extraction and clean-up were mostly below 25% for all validation matrices at spiked levels of 100 pg sample-1 for HFR (DBDPE: 1000 pg sample-1) and 1200-6000 pg sample-1 for PBDEs. The majority of analytes were investigated with expanded measurement uncertainties of less than 50%. Graphical abstract A new approach to HFR analysis in multiple environmental matrices. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 50% |
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 25 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 25 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 6 | 24% |
| Student > Master | 4 | 16% |
| Researcher | 4 | 16% |
| Student > Bachelor | 2 | 8% |
| Professor > Associate Professor | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 0 | 0% |
| Unknown | 8 | 32% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 5 | 20% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 2 | 8% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 4% |
| Environmental Science | 1 | 4% |
| Chemical Engineering | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 3 | 12% |
| Unknown | 12 | 48% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 06 February 2018.
All research outputs
#20,663,600
of 25,382,440 outputs
Outputs from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#6,602
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Outputs of similar age
#338,014
of 443,420 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Analytical & Bioanalytical Chemistry
#100
of 162 outputs
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