| Title |
Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Ammonium Nitrate on Common Toad (Bufo bufo) Tadpoles
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, April 1997
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s002449900188 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Q. Xu, R. S. Oldham |
| Abstract |
The impact of elevated ammonium nitrate concentrations onthe survival and development of common toad (Bufo bufo) tadpoles wasinvestigated in the laboratory. 1,704 mg/L and 1,637 mg/L nitrate (equivalentto 2,198.7 mg/L and 2,112.3 mg/L ammonium nitrate) were recorded as 96 h and168 h LC50s respectively. These are well above field levels (10-250 mg/L)observed in freshwater in Britain. The exposure of tadpoles to nominalconcentration of 100 mg/L nitrate for 24, 48, and 72 h caused a significantdecrease in their activity but no clear reduction in food consumption ordelay of the development. In subchronic exposures at the nominalconcentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L nitrate, the metamorphosis started earlierand took less time to complete than in the control. However, some of theresults were equivocal, at 50 mg NO3/L the metamorphs weresignificantly larger than the controls, while at 100 mg NO3/Lmetamorphs were not significantly different from the controls. Certaindeformities and unusual swimming patterns were also found in tadpoles exposedto various concentrations of ammonium nitrate. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 57 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Spain | 2 | 4% |
| Brazil | 2 | 4% |
| Portugal | 1 | 2% |
| Unknown | 52 | 91% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 23% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 9 | 16% |
| Researcher | 8 | 14% |
| Other | 5 | 9% |
| Other | 9 | 16% |
| Unknown | 3 | 5% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 29 | 51% |
| Environmental Science | 15 | 26% |
| Earth and Planetary Sciences | 2 | 4% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 4% |
| Unspecified | 1 | 2% |
| Other | 2 | 4% |
| Unknown | 6 | 11% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 17 August 2017.
All research outputs
#8,534,976
of 25,373,627 outputs
Outputs from Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#655
of 2,225 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#9,710
of 29,826 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#10
of 13 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,373,627 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 43rd percentile – i.e., 43% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 2,225 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 5.8. This one is in the 34th percentile – i.e., 34% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
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We're also able to compare this research output to 13 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 1st percentile – i.e., 1% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.