| Title |
Exploring Molecular Speciation and Crystallization Mechanism of Amorphous 2-Phenylamino Nicotinic Acid
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Pharmaceutical Research, February 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s11095-018-2346-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Arjun Kalra, Joseph W. Lubach, Eric J. Munson, Tonglei Li |
| Abstract |
Molecular understanding of phase stability and transition of the amorphous state helps in formulation and manufacturing of poorly-soluble drugs. Crystallization of a model compound, 2-phenylamino nicotinic acid (2PNA), from the amorphous state was studied using solid-state analytical methods. Our previous report suggests that 2PNA molecules mainly develop intermolecular -COOH∙∙∙pyridine N (acid-pyridine) interactions in the amorphous state. In the current study, the molecular speciation is explored with regard to the phase transition from the amorphous to the crystalline state. Using spectroscopic techniques, the molecular interactions and structural evolvement during the recrystallization from the glassy state were investigated. The results unveiled that the structurally heterogeneous amorphous state contains acid-pyridine aggregates - either as hydrogen-bonded neutral molecules or as zwitterions - as well as a population of carboxylic acid dimers. Phase transition from the amorphous state results in crystal structures composed of carboxylic acid dimer (acid-acid) synthon or acid-pyridine chains depending on the crystallization conditions employed. The study underlines the structural evolvement, as well as its impact on the metastability, of amorphous samples from local, supramolecular assemblies to long-range intermolecular ordering through crystallization. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profile of 1 X user who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 6 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 6 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Postgraduate | 2 | 33% |
| Professor | 1 | 17% |
| Other | 1 | 17% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 1 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 3 | 50% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 17% |
| Chemical Engineering | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 1 | 17% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 February 2018.
All research outputs
#15,490,822
of 23,020,670 outputs
Outputs from Pharmaceutical Research
#2,246
of 2,870 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#268,484
of 437,836 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Pharmaceutical Research
#25
of 55 outputs
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