Title |
Defining spasticity: a new approach considering current movement disorders terminology and botulinum toxin therapy
|
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Published in |
Journal of Neurology, February 2018
|
DOI | 10.1007/s00415-018-8759-1 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Dirk Dressler, Roongroj Bhidayasiri, Saeed Bohlega, Pedro Chana, Hsin Fen Chien, Tae Mo Chung, Carlo Colosimo, Markus Ebke, Klemens Fedoroff, Bernd Frank, Ryuji Kaji, Petr Kanovsky, Serdar Koçer, Federico Micheli, Olga Orlova, Sebastian Paus, Zvezdan Pirtosek, Maja Relja, Raymond L. Rosales, José Alberto Sagástegui-Rodríguez, Paul W. Schoenle, Gholam Ali Shahidi, Sofia Timerbaeva, Uwe Walter, Fereshte Adib Saberi |
Abstract |
Spasticity is a symptom occurring in many neurological conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, hypoxic brain damage, traumatic brain injury, tumours and heredodegenerative diseases. It affects large numbers of patients and may cause major disability. So far, spasticity has merely been described as part of the upper motor neurone syndrome or defined in a narrowed neurophysiological sense. This consensus organised by IAB-Interdisciplinary Working Group Movement Disorders wants to provide a brief and practical new definition of spasticity-for the first time-based on its various forms of muscle hyperactivity as described in the current movement disorders terminology. We propose the following new definition system: Spasticity describes involuntary muscle hyperactivity in the presence of central paresis. The involuntary muscle hyperactivity can consist of various forms of muscle hyperactivity: spasticity sensu strictu describes involuntary muscle hyperactivity triggered by rapid passive joint movements, rigidity involuntary muscle hyperactivity triggered by slow passive joint movements, dystonia spontaneous involuntary muscle hyperactivity and spasms complex involuntary movements usually triggered by sensory or acoustic stimuli. Spasticity can be described by a documentation system grouped along clinical picture (axis 1), aetiology (axis 2), localisation (axis 3) and additional central nervous system deficits (axis 4). Our new definition allows distinction of spasticity components accessible to BT therapy and those inaccessible. The documentation sheet presented provides essential information for planning of BT therapy. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 3 | 50% |
China | 1 | 17% |
Unknown | 2 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Scientists | 3 | 50% |
Members of the public | 2 | 33% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 17% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 186 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 21 | 11% |
Other | 16 | 9% |
Professor | 13 | 7% |
Researcher | 10 | 5% |
Student > Postgraduate | 10 | 5% |
Other | 35 | 19% |
Unknown | 81 | 44% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 42 | 23% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 24 | 13% |
Neuroscience | 14 | 8% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 3% |
Engineering | 5 | 3% |
Other | 13 | 7% |
Unknown | 83 | 45% |