| Title |
Involvement of Gi/o proteins and GIRK channels in the potentiation of morphine-induced spinal analgesia in acutely inflamed mice
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology, November 2009
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00210-009-0471-3 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Sara González-Rodríguez, Agustín Hidalgo, Ana Baamonde, Luis Menéndez |
| Abstract |
The analgesic efficacy of opiates can be enhanced in inflammatory states due to peripheral and spinal alterations. We describe here that the analgesic effect induced by intrathecal (i.t.) morphine assessed by measuring thermal withdrawal latencies is enhanced in carrageenan-inflamed mice. The spinal micro-opioid receptor (MOR) population is not up-regulated as demonstrated by Western blot assays. In contrast, behavioural experiments show the involvement of changes in transduction mechanisms activated by spinal opioid receptors. The i.t. administration of the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor L-NMMA (3-30 microg) antagonised with a similar potency and efficacy morphine-induced analgesia in inflamed and non-inflamed mice, discarding that an increase in NO release could be responsible of the enhancement of morphine-induced analgesia. The analgesic effects evoked by the i.t. administration of the direct G(i/o) protein activator mastoparan (0.03-10 microg), but not those induced by the N-type calcium channel blocker omega-conotoxin GVIA (3-30 ng), were potentiated in inflamed mice, suggesting that postsynaptic and not presynaptic mechanisms could be involved. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects on morphine-induced analgesia produced by the G(i/o) protein inhibitor pertussis toxin (0.1-17 ng) or the G-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels inhibitor tertiapin-Q (0.75-750 ng) were greatly enhanced in inflamed mice. These results suggest that differences in the transduction mechanism activated by MOR at postsynaptic level, probably related with GIRK channels activity, could participate in the potentiation of morphine-induced spinal analgesia in acutely inflamed mice. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 24 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 24 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 5 | 21% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 13% |
| Researcher | 3 | 13% |
| Other | 2 | 8% |
| Lecturer > Senior Lecturer | 2 | 8% |
| Other | 3 | 13% |
| Unknown | 6 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 5 | 21% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 5 | 21% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 3 | 13% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 2 | 8% |
| Neuroscience | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 1 | 4% |
| Unknown | 7 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 07 December 2009.
All research outputs
#7,453,126
of 22,785,242 outputs
Outputs from Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
#347
of 1,723 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#48,382
of 165,676 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
#3
of 10 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 22,785,242 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 44th percentile – i.e., 44% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,723 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.0. This one is in the 26th percentile – i.e., 26% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 165,676 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 21st percentile – i.e., 21% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 10 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than 7 of them.