| Title |
History of blood gas analysis. IV. Leland Clark's oxygen electrode
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Clinical Monitoring, April 1986
|
| DOI | 10.1007/bf01637680 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
John W. Severinghaus, Poul B. Astrup |
| Abstract |
The electrochemical reduction of oxygen was discovered by Heinrich Danneel and Walter Nernst in 1897. Polarography using dropping mercury was discovered accidentally by Jaroslav Heyrovsky in Prague in 1922. This method produced the first measured oxygen tension values in plasma and blood in the 1940s. Brink, Davies, and Bronk implanted platinum electrodes in tissue to study oxygen supply, or availability, from about 1940, but these bare electrodes became poisoned when immersed in blood. Leland Clark sealed a platinum cathode in glass and covered it first with cellophane; he then tested silastic and polyethylene membranes. In 1954 Clark conceived and constructed the first membrane-covered oxygen electrode having both the anode and cathode behind a nonconductive polyethylene membrane. The limited permeability of polyethylene to oxygen reduced depletion of oxygen from the sample, making possible quantitative measurements of oxygen tension in blood, solutions, or gases. This invention led to the introduction of modern blood gas apparatus. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 100 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 1% |
| Unknown | 99 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 22 | 22% |
| Student > Master | 15 | 15% |
| Researcher | 13 | 13% |
| Student > Bachelor | 11 | 11% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 5% |
| Other | 16 | 16% |
| Unknown | 18 | 18% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 18 | 18% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 13 | 13% |
| Engineering | 11 | 11% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 11 | 11% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 7% |
| Other | 11 | 11% |
| Unknown | 29 | 29% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 12. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 04 February 2022.
All research outputs
#3,210,666
of 26,017,215 outputs
Outputs from Journal of Clinical Monitoring
#6
of 131 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#534
of 10,504 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Journal of Clinical Monitoring
#1
of 1 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 26,017,215 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 87th percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 131 research outputs from this source. They receive a mean Attention Score of 4.2. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 95% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 10,504 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done particularly well, scoring higher than 94% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 1 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has scored higher than all of them