| Title |
A Real-World Anti-Diabetes Medication Cost Comparison Between Premixed Insulin Analogs and Long-Acting Insulin Analogs in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Retrospective Database Analysis
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Diabetes Therapy, February 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s13300-018-0382-8 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Yue Gao, Ke Wang, Yun Chen, Li Shen, Jianing Hou, Jianwei Xuan, Bao Liu |
| Abstract |
To assess and compare per-day anti-diabetic medication costs for Chinese type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) insulin-naïve patients between those who initiated premixed insulin analogs ("premixed group") and those who initiated long-acting insulin analogs ("long-acting group"). Data were obtained from an electronic medical record database between 2010.01.01 and 2015.06.30 covering medical encounter records from all general hospitals in a district from Shanghai, China. Insulin-naïve T2DM patients who were aged ≥ 18 years, treated with an oral anti-diabetic drug (OAD) only during the baseline period (3 months prior to insulin initiation), and initiated premixed or long-acting insulin analogs were included. Patients were followed until index insulin discontinuation or 12 months after initiation, whichever came first. The t test and generalized linear models adjusting for propensity score (PS) (including baseline demographics, number of OAD classes, comorbidities, costs, and healthcare resource utilization) were used to examine the differences between the two insulin groups. A total of 570 and 185 patients were identified for the premixed and long-acting groups, with mean (SD) ages of 63.0 (12.8) and 61.1 (11.9) (P = 0.08) and male proportions of 47.4% and 51.4% (P = 0.35), respectively. During the baseline period, 19.3% of the premixed users had T2DM-related hospitalizations, while the rate was 12.4% in the long-acting group (P = 0.03). The mean number of T2DM-related outpatient visits was 0.98 and 1.23 for the premixed and long-acting groups, respectively (P = 0.07). During the follow-up period, the per-day insulin dose averaged 31.7 and 15.3 international units (IU) for the premixed and long-acting groups, respectively. Compared with the patients on premixed insulin, the mean per-day cost for patients on long-acting insulin was 37.3% higher [15.3 vs 11.2 Chinese yuan (RMB); mean difference (MD) (95% CI): 4.2 (3.2, 5.1)] for the overall anti-diabetes medication, 81.3% higher [3.3 vs 1.8 RMB; MD (95% CI): 1.5 (0.8, 2.2)] for OAD, and 28.6% higher [12.0 vs 9.3 RMB; MD (95% CI): 2.7 (2.1, 3.3)] for insulin. The results were consistent after adjusting for the PS. Among Chinese T2DM insulin-naïve patients, those who initiated premixed insulin had a lower per-day antidiabetic medication cost than those who initiated long-acting insulin. Lilly Suzhou Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, China. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 2 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 50% |
| Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 26 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 26 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 3 | 12% |
| Researcher | 3 | 12% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 12% |
| Other | 2 | 8% |
| Student > Master | 2 | 8% |
| Other | 5 | 19% |
| Unknown | 8 | 31% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 8 | 31% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 8% |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 2 | 8% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 1 | 4% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 1 | 4% |
| Other | 3 | 12% |
| Unknown | 9 | 35% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 2. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 25 February 2018.
All research outputs
#14,377,572
of 23,025,074 outputs
Outputs from Diabetes Therapy
#478
of 1,038 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#187,866
of 330,325 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Diabetes Therapy
#21
of 41 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 23,025,074 research outputs across all sources so far. This one is in the 35th percentile – i.e., 35% of other outputs scored the same or lower than it.
So far Altmetric has tracked 1,038 research outputs from this source. They typically receive a little more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 7.4. This one is in the 49th percentile – i.e., 49% of its peers scored the same or lower than it.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 330,325 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one is in the 40th percentile – i.e., 40% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.
We're also able to compare this research output to 41 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one is in the 41st percentile – i.e., 41% of its contemporaries scored the same or lower than it.