Title |
Immune profile in relation to sex steroid cyclicity in healthy women and women with multiple sclerosis
|
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Published in |
Journal of Reproductive Immunology, March 2018
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.jri.2018.02.006 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Per Kempe, Daniel Eklund, Agnes Hallin, Mats Hammar, Tomas Olsson, Jan Brynhildsen, Jan Ernerudh |
Abstract |
To prospectively study systemic in vivo immunological effects of sex hormones, using different phases of oral combined hormonal contraceptives (CHC), and the natural menstrual cycles in both healthy women and in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), blood samples from sixty female MS patients and healthy controls with and without CHC were drawn in high and low estrogenic/progestogenic phases. Expression of Th-associated genes in blood cells was determined by qPCR and a panel of cytokines and chemokines was measured in plasma. High hormone level phases were associated with increases in Th1 (TBX21) and Th2 (GATA3) associated markers, as well as the B cell-associated chemokine CXCL13, while the inhibitory regulator CTLA-4 was decreased. These changes were not observed in MS patients, of whom most were treated with immunomodulatory drugs. Our data indicate immune activating properties in vivo of high steroid sex hormone levels during both CHC and normal menstrual cyclicity. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
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United States | 1 | 33% |
Unknown | 2 | 67% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
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Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Unknown | 30 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 4 | 13% |
Student > Bachelor | 4 | 13% |
Student > Doctoral Student | 3 | 10% |
Other | 3 | 10% |
Researcher | 3 | 10% |
Other | 7 | 23% |
Unknown | 6 | 20% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 33% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 4 | 13% |
Immunology and Microbiology | 3 | 10% |
Nursing and Health Professions | 2 | 7% |
Neuroscience | 2 | 7% |
Other | 2 | 7% |
Unknown | 7 | 23% |