Title |
Influencing choice without awareness
|
---|---|
Published in |
Consciousness & Cognition, February 2015
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.concog.2015.01.004 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
Jay A. Olson, Alym A. Amlani, Amir Raz, Ronald A. Rensink |
Abstract |
Forcing occurs when a magician influences the audience's decisions without their awareness. To investigate the mechanisms behind this effect, we examined several stimulus and personality predictors. In Study 1, a magician flipped through a deck of playing cards while participants were asked to choose one. Although the magician could influence the choice almost every time (98%), relatively few (9%) noticed this influence. In Study 2, participants observed rapid series of cards on a computer, with one target card shown longer than the rest. We expected people would tend to choose this card without noticing that it was shown longest. Both stimulus and personality factors predicted the choice of card, depending on whether the influence was noticed. These results show that combining real-world and laboratory research can be a powerful way to study magic and can provide new methods to study the feeling of free will. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
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United Kingdom | 5 | 13% |
Netherlands | 3 | 8% |
Canada | 3 | 8% |
Romania | 1 | 3% |
Spain | 1 | 3% |
Italy | 1 | 3% |
Switzerland | 1 | 3% |
Ireland | 1 | 3% |
Other | 0 | 0% |
Unknown | 16 | 41% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 20 | 51% |
Scientists | 15 | 38% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 8% |
Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United States | 2 | 2% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Turkey | 1 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 1 | <1% |
Netherlands | 1 | <1% |
Japan | 1 | <1% |
Luxembourg | 1 | <1% |
Unknown | 101 | 93% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Ph. D. Student | 17 | 16% |
Researcher | 17 | 16% |
Student > Master | 17 | 16% |
Student > Bachelor | 12 | 11% |
Other | 7 | 6% |
Other | 23 | 21% |
Unknown | 16 | 15% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Psychology | 51 | 47% |
Neuroscience | 10 | 9% |
Social Sciences | 7 | 6% |
Business, Management and Accounting | 4 | 4% |
Computer Science | 4 | 4% |
Other | 16 | 15% |
Unknown | 17 | 16% |