| Title |
Optimization of Field and Laboratory Sample Processing for Characterization of Metallic Residues at Military Training Ranges
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, March 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00128-018-2311-y |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
J. L. Clausen, T. Georgian, K. H. Gardner, T. A. Douglas |
| Abstract |
Military ranges are unlike many waste sites because the contaminants, both energetics and metals, are heterogeneously distributed in soil during explosive detonation or ballistic impact and cannot be readily characterized using conventional grab sampling. The Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) has been successful for characterization of energetic contamination in soils, but no published ISM processing studies for soils with small arms range metals such as Pb, Cu, Sb, and Zn exists. This study evaluated several ISM sample-processing steps: (1) field splitting to reduce the sample mass shipped to the analytical laboratory, (2) necessity of milling, and (3) processing a larger subsample mass for digestion in lieu of milling. Cone-and-quartering and rotary sectorial splitting techniques yielded poor precision and positively skewed distributions. Hence, an increase in digestion mass from 2 to 10 g was evaluated with milled and unmilled samples. Unmilled samples yielded results with the largest variability regardless of aliquot mass. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 2 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 50% |
| Unknown | 1 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Scientists | 1 | 50% |
| Members of the public | 1 | 50% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 6 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 6 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Other | 2 | 33% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 17% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 1 | 17% |
| Student > Master | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 1 | 17% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 17% |
| Chemistry | 1 | 17% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 17% |
| Unknown | 3 | 50% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 16 April 2018.
All research outputs
#18,922,529
of 24,119,703 outputs
Outputs from Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#2,738
of 4,112 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#246,827
of 336,305 outputs
Outputs of similar age from Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
#32
of 61 outputs
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