| Title |
High variability of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) in a healthy white population: characterization of six new variants of PADI4 exons 2–4 by a novel haplotype-specific sequencing-based approach
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
Journal of Molecular Medicine, August 2004
|
| DOI | 10.1007/s00109-004-0584-6 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Berthold Hoppe, Guido A. Heymann, Farzaneh Tolou, Holger Kiesewetter, Thomas Doerner, Abdulgabar Salama |
| Abstract |
Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PADI4) gene have recently been reported to be strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis in Japanese individuals. These SNPs are located in or close to exons 2-4 of PADI4 and are organized in at least four different haplotypes. However, a detailed sequencing-based characterization of the PADI4 gene in other populations is still lacking. We therefore analyzed exons 2-4 of the PADI4 gene in 102 healthy white Germans individuals by DNA sequencing and characterized new variants and haplotypes by a novel haplotype-specific sequencing-based approach. The haplotypes 2/3 (padi4_89*G, padi4_90*T, padi4_92*G, padi4_94*T, padi4_104*T, padi4_95*C, padi4_96*C), and haplotype 4 (padi4_89*G, padi4_90*T, padi4_92*G, padi4_94*T, padi4_104*C, padi4_95*G, padi4_96*T) conferring susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis were detected at frequencies of 30.9% and 7.8%, respectively. In addition, three novel coding SNPs in exons 2, 3, and 4, and three SNPs in introns 2 and 3 located near the exon-intron boundaries were identified in 11 individuals (10.8%). The so-called nonsusceptibility haplotype 1 (padi4_89*A, padi4_90*C, padi4_92*C, padi4_94*C, padi4_104*C, padi4_95*G, padi4_96*T) occurred at a frequency of 58.3%. Additionally, we identified a closely related novel haplotype, haplotype 1B (2.9%), that differs from haplotype 1 only by padi4_92*G/padi4_96*C. This haplotype was not described in the Japanese population. Our results indicate that the PADI4 gene exhibits a remarkable variability and a rather complex haplotypic organization. Further studies on disease association of PADI4 should be performed by haplotype-specific sequencing-based approaches to identify the exact genotype of the PADI4 fragment of interest. |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 4 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 4 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 1 | 25% |
| Student > Bachelor | 1 | 25% |
| Researcher | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 1 | 25% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 1 | 25% |
| Chemistry | 1 | 25% |
| Medicine and Dentistry | 1 | 25% |
| Unknown | 1 | 25% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 3. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 18 December 2007.
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#7,454,066
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#504
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#19,143
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Outputs of similar age from Journal of Molecular Medicine
#3
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