Title |
The impact of debris on marine life
|
---|---|
Published in |
Marine Pollution Bulletin, February 2015
|
DOI | 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.12.041 |
Pubmed ID | |
Authors |
S.C. Gall, R.C. Thompson |
Abstract |
Marine debris is listed among the major perceived threats to biodiversity, and is cause for particular concern due to its abundance, durability and persistence in the marine environment. An extensive literature search reviewed the current state of knowledge on the effects of marine debris on marine organisms. 340 original publications reported encounters between organisms and marine debris and 693 species. Plastic debris accounted for 92% of encounters between debris and individuals. Numerous direct and indirect consequences were recorded, with the potential for sublethal effects of ingestion an area of considerable uncertainty and concern. Comparison to the IUCN Red List highlighted that at least 17% of species affected by entanglement and ingestion were listed as threatened or near threatened. Hence where marine debris combines with other anthropogenic stressors it may affect populations, trophic interactions and assemblages. |
X Demographics
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
United Kingdom | 17 | 17% |
United States | 13 | 13% |
Canada | 5 | 5% |
Australia | 2 | 2% |
Brazil | 2 | 2% |
Portugal | 1 | 1% |
Spain | 1 | 1% |
Italy | 1 | 1% |
Switzerland | 1 | 1% |
Other | 7 | 7% |
Unknown | 50 | 50% |
Demographic breakdown
Type | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Members of the public | 79 | 79% |
Scientists | 18 | 18% |
Science communicators (journalists, bloggers, editors) | 3 | 3% |
Mendeley readers
Geographical breakdown
Country | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Brazil | 4 | <1% |
United Kingdom | 3 | <1% |
Italy | 2 | <1% |
Chile | 2 | <1% |
Canada | 2 | <1% |
Norway | 1 | <1% |
South Africa | 1 | <1% |
Germany | 1 | <1% |
Iran, Islamic Republic of | 1 | <1% |
Other | 4 | <1% |
Unknown | 2972 | 99% |
Demographic breakdown
Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Student > Bachelor | 572 | 19% |
Student > Master | 485 | 16% |
Researcher | 267 | 9% |
Student > Ph. D. Student | 267 | 9% |
Other | 103 | 3% |
Other | 338 | 11% |
Unknown | 961 | 32% |
Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
---|---|---|
Environmental Science | 680 | 23% |
Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 481 | 16% |
Engineering | 144 | 5% |
Earth and Planetary Sciences | 106 | 4% |
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 104 | 3% |
Other | 397 | 13% |
Unknown | 1081 | 36% |